will是英语中使用频率极高的情态动词,常与would进行区分。两词之间的内在联系是would为will的过去式,这样就决定了它们功能含义的相似性。在掌握其共性特征的基础上,了解其特殊性,是掌握两词的捷径。

一、will,would表示不同时间但功能含义相同的情况:

1.用于构成将来时态,表示“将会、将要”。

(1)will可以构成一般将来时、将来进行时、将来完成时以及将来完成进行时。

By this time tomorrow, you will have reached New York. 到明天这个时候你就已经到纽约了。

(2)would可构成过去将来时等过去将来时态。

He said the weather would turn out fine the next day. 他说第二天天气会转好。

2.表示主语的意愿,有“愿意、会”之意。

(1)will表示现在或将来的意愿。

If you will help me now, I'll surely help you sooner or later. 要是你现在愿意帮我,我迟早也会帮你。

(2)would表示过去的意愿。

However I tried, he just wouldn't listen. 不管我怎样努力,他就是不听。

3.表示习惯性、倾向性,有“惯于(做某事)”之意。

(1)will表示现在的习惯、倾向。

Sometimes he will tell lies. 有时候他也会说谎。

(2)would表示过去的习惯、倾向。

Every day he would get up at six o'clock. (以前)他每天早晨六点钟起床。

4.表示主语的功用、能力。

(1)will表示现在的功用、能力。

This room will (=can) hold 60 people. 这个房间能容纳60人。

(2)would表示过去的功用、能力。

He said the box wouldn't open. 他说那盒子打不开。

二、Will / Won't you...?与Would / Wouldn't you...?都可表示现在或将来的请求、建议,但would表示的语气更委婉。

Will / Would you please stand there? 请你站在那里好吗?

Won't you come here? 你过来好吗?

三、will,would各不相同的特殊用法:

1.will的特殊用法:可用于第二人称陈述句,表示说话人的建议、命令,有“应该、必须”之意。

You will act at once. 你应该马上行动。

2.would的特殊用法

(1)构成虚拟语气。

If he were here, I would tell him the truth. 如果他在这里,我就会告诉他真相。

Had you worked hard, you would have not failed the exam. 要是你努力学习了的话,你就不会考试不及格了。

(2)用于构成would like, would rather, would sooner等表达。

I'd rather not go there. 我宁愿不去那里。

(3)“would have+过去分词”还可表示过去未曾实现的愿望,有“本想……(却没有……)”之意。

Iwould have helped you, but I was too busy. 我本想帮你,可我太忙了。

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