so是副词,修饰形容词和副词;而such是形容词,修饰名词;后面都接单数可数名词,但词序不同。和that连用时,意思基本一样,但句型结构不同。另外so与that可以直接构成词组so that,引导目的状语从句和结果状语从句,表示“以便、以至”的意思。

一、so是副词,修饰形容词和副词;而such是形容词,修饰名词。它们后面都接单数可数名词,但词序不同。

1.so的词序为:so+adj.+a(an)+n.

2.such的词序为:such+a(an)+adj.+n.

它们可以表达同样的意思,因此它们可以进行同义改写。

(1)so nice a coat=such a nice coat 这么漂亮的一件外套

(2)so interesting a book=such an interesting book 那么有趣的一本书

注意:后面接复数名词或不可数名词时,只能用such,而不能用so。例如:

(1)such beautiful flowers 这么美丽的花

(2)such clever children 如此聪明的孩子

但是,复数名词或不可数名词前有many,few,much,little修饰时,只能用so而不能用such,这是一种固定用法。例如:

(1)so many books 这么多的书

(2)so few people 这么少的人

(3)so much money 那么多的钱

(4)so little milk 那么少的牛奶

二、和that连用时,意思基本一样,但句型结构不同。so...that...句型结构为:

1.so+adj.(adv.)+that...

2.so+adj.+a(an)+单数名词+that...

3.so+many(few)+复数名词+that...

4.so+much(little)+不可数名词+that...例如:

(1)This book is so interesting that I have read it three times.这本书如此有趣,我已经看了三遍。

(2)He spoke so fast that we couldn’t understand him.他说得太快,我们都未能听懂他的话。

(3)It was so hot a day that nobody wanted to do anything.天气很热,谁都不想干活。

(4)There were so many people that we could hardly move on.这么多人,我们简直无法继续往前走。

5.such...that...句型结构为:

6.such+a(an)+adj.+单数名词+that...

7.such+adj.+复数名词+that...

8.such+adj.+不可数名词+that...例如:

(1)She is such a pretty girl that everyone likes her.她是个很可爱的小姑娘,大家都喜欢她。

(2)They are such delicious cakes that I want to eat another two.这么可口的蛋糕,我还想再吃两块。

(3)It is such sweet milk that we all want to drink it.这么香的牛奶,我们都想喝。

注意:由于so和such后跟单数可数名词时,可以换用,同样so...that...与such...that...也可以进行同义句改写。如上文中:This book is so interesting that I have read it three times.可改写成:This is such an interesting book that I have read it three times. It was so hot a day that nobody wanted to do anything.可改写成:It was such a hot day that nobody wanted to do anything.

三、so与that可以直接构成词组so that,引导目的状语从句和结果状语从句,表示“以便、以至”的意思。例如:

He worked hard so that he could pass theexams.为了能通过考试,他学习很认真。(但such没有这种用法。)

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