unique前面用a还是an 历年英语四级考试真题练习

　　事实上，成功仅代表了你工作的1%，成功是99%失败的结果。以下是小编为大家搜索整理的历年英语四级考试真题练习，希望能给大家带来帮助!更多精彩内容请及时关注我们应届毕业生考试网!

　　Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the saying" Never go out there to see what happens, go out there to make things happen." You can cite xamples to illustrate the importance of being participants rather than mere on lookers inlife. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

　　Section A

　　Directions : In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations.At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said.Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once.After each question there will bea pause.During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, Cand D,and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

　　1.A.Children should be taught to be more careful.

　　B.Children shouldn't drink so much orange juice.

　　C.There is no need for the man to make such a fuss.

　　D.Timmy should learn to do things in the right way.

　　2.A.Fitness training.

　　B.The new job offer.

　　C.Computer programming.

　　D.Directorship of the club.

　　3.A.He needs to buy a new sweater.

　　B.He has got to save on fuel bills.

　　C.The fuel price has skyrocketed.

　　D.The heating system doesn't work.

　　4.A.Committing theft.

　　B.Taking pictures.

　　C.Window shopping.

　　D.Posing for the camera.

　　5.A.She is taking some medicine.

　　B.She has not seen a doctor yet.

　　C.She does not trust the man's advice.

　　D.She has almost recovered from the cough.

　　6.A.Pamela's report is not finished as scheduled.

　　B.Pamela has a habit of doing things in a hurry.

　　C.Pamela is not good at writing research papers.

　　D.Pamela's mistakes could have been avoided.

　　7.A.In the left-luggage office.

　　B.At the hotel reception.

　　C.In a hotel room.

　　D.At an airport.

　　8.A.She was an excellent student at college.

　　B.She works in the entertainment business.

　　C.She is fond of telling stories in her speech.

　　D.She is good at conveying her message.

　　Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

　　9.A.Arranging the woman's appointment with Mr.Romero.

　　B.Fixing the time for the designer's latest fashion show.

　　C.Talking about an important gathering on Tuesday.

　　D.Preparing for the filming on Monday morning.

　　10.A.Her travel to Japan.

　　B.The awards ceremony.

　　C.The proper hairstyle for her new role.

　　D.When to start the make-up session.

　　11.A.He is Mr.Romero's agent.

　　B.He is an entertainment journalist.

　　C.He is the woman's assistant.

　　D.He is a famous movie star.

　　Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

　　12.A.Make an appointment for an interview.

　　B.Send in an application letter.

　　C.Fill in an application form.

　　D.Make a brief self-introduction on the phone.

　　13.A.Someone having a college degree in advertising.

　　B.Someone experienced in business management.

　　C.Someone ready to take on more responsibilities.

　　D.Someone willing to work beyond regular hours.

　　14.A.Travel opportunities.

　　B.Handsome pay.

　　C.Prospects for promotion.

　　D.Flexible working hours.

　　15.A.It depends on the working hours.

　　B.It is about 500 pounds a week.

　　C.It will be set by the Human Resources.

　　D.It is to be negotiated.

　　Section B

　　Directions..In this section, you will hear 3 short passages.At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After youhear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A., B,Cand D..Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the center.

　　Passage One

　　Questions 16 to 19 are based on the passage you have just heard.

　　16.A.To give customers a wider range of choices.

　　B.To make shoppers see as many items as possible.

　　C.To supply as many varieties of goods as it can.

　　D.To save space for more profitable products.

　　17.A.On the top shelves.

　　B.On the bottom shelves.

　　C.On easily accessible shelves.

　　D.On clearly marked shelves.

　　18.A.Many of them buy things on impulse.

　　B.A few of them are fathers with babies.

　　C.A majority of them are young couples.

　　D.Over 60% of them make shopping lists.

　　19.A.Sales assistants promoting high margin goods.

　　B.Sales assistants following customers around.

　　C.Customers competing for good bargains.

　　D.Customers losing all sense of time.

　　Passage Two

　　Questions 20 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard.

　　20.A.Teaching mathematics at a school.

　　B.Doing research in an institute.

　　C.Studying for a college degree.

　　D.Working in a hi-tech company

　　21.A.He studied the designs of various clocks.

　　B.He did experiments on different materials.

　　C.He bought an alarm clock with a pig face.

　　D.He asked different people for their opinions.

　　22.A.Its automatic mechanism.

　　B.Its manufacturing process.

　　C.Its way of waking people up.

　　D.Its funny-looking pig face.

　　Passage Three

　　Questions 23 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.

　　23.A.It is often caused by a change of circumstances.

　　B.It actually doesn't require any special treatment.

　　C.It usually appears all of a sudden.

　　D.It generally lasts for several years.

　　24.A.They cannot mix well with others.

　　B.They irrationally annoy their friends.

　　C.They depend heavily on family members.

　　D.They blame others for ignoring their needs.

　　25.A.They lack consistent support from peers.

　　B.They doubt their own popularity.

　　C.They were born psychologically weak.

　　D.They focus too much on themselves.Section C

　　Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times.When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea.When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have justheard.Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.

　　There was a time when any personal information that was gathered about us was typed on a piece of paper and(26) in a file cabinet.It could remain there for years and, often(27), never reach the outside world.

　　Things have done a complete about-face since then.(28) the change has been the astonishingly(29) development in recent years of the computer.Today, any data that is 30 about us in one place or another--and for one reason or another--can be stored in a computer bank.It can then be easily passed to other computer banks.They are owned by individuals and by private businesses and corporations, lending 31 , direct mailing and telemarketing firms, credit bureaus, credit card companies, and(32) at the local, state, and federal level.

　　A growing number of Americans are seeing the accumulation and distribution of computerized data as a frightening(33 )of their privacy.Surveys show that the number of worried Americans has been steadily growing over the years as the computer becomes increasingly (34), easier to operate, and less costly to purchase and maintain.In 1970, a national survey showed that percent of the people(35)felt their privacy was being invaded.Seven years later, percent expressed the same worry.Arecent survey by a credit bureau revealed that the number of alarmed citizens had shot up to percent.

　　Section A

　　Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given, in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each.choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet2 with a single line through the center.You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

　　Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.

　　Children do not think the way adults do.For most of the first year of life, if something is out of sight, it's out of mind.If you cover a baby's(36)toy with a piece of cloth, the baby thinks the toyhas disappeared and stops looking for it.A 4-year-old may (37) that a sister has more fruit juicewhen it is only the shapes of the glasses that differ, not the(38)of juice.

　　Yet children are smart in their own way.Like good little scientists, children are always testing their child-sized(39) about how things work.When your child throws her spoon on the floor for the sixth time as you try to feed her, and you say, "That's enough! I will not pick up your spoon again!"

　　the child will(40) test your claim.Are you serious? Are you angry? What will happen if she throws the spoon again? She is not doing this to drive you(41); rather, she is learning that her desires and yours can differ, and that sometimes those(42)are important and sometimes they are not.

　　How and why does children's thinking change? In the 1920s, Swiss psychologist Jean Piaget proposed that children's cognitive (认知的) abilities unfold (43), like the blooming of a flower,almost independent of what else is(44)in their lives.Although many of his specific conclusions havebeen(45) or modified over the years, his ideas inspired thousands of studies by investigators all over the world.

　　A. advocate

　　B. amount

　　C. confirmed

　　D. crazy

　　E. definite

　　F. differences

　　G. favorite

　　H. happening

　　I. Immediately

　　J. Naturally

　　K. Obtaining

　　L. Primarily

　　M. Protest

　　N. Rejected

　　O. theories

　　Section B

　　Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with, ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.

　　Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

　　The Perfect Essay

　　A.Looking back on too many years of education, I can identify one truly impossible teacher.Shecared about me, and my intellectual life, even when I didn't.Her expectations were high--impossibly so.She was an English teacher.She was also my mother.

　　B.When good students turn in an essay, they dream of their instructor returning it to them in exactly the same condition, save for a single word added in the margin of the final page : "Flawless." This dream came true for me one afternoon in the ninth grade.Of course, I had heard that genius could show itself at an early age, so I was only slightly taken aback that I had achieved perfection at the tender age of 14.Obviously, I did what any professional writer would do; I hurried off to spread thegood news.I didn't get very far.The first person I told was my mother.

　　C.My mother, who is just shy of five feet tall, is normally incredibly soft-spoken, but on the rareoccasion when she got angry, she was terrifying.I am not sure if she was more upset by my hubris(得意忘形) or by the fact that my English teacher had let my ego get so out of hand.In any event,my mother and her red pen showed me how deeply flawed a flawless essay could be.At the time,I am sure she thought she was teaching me about mechanics, transitions (过渡), structure, style and voice.But what I learned, and what stuck with me through my time teaching writing at Harvard, was a deeper lesson about the nature of creative criticism.

　　D.First off, it hurts.Genuine criticism, the type that leaves a lasting mark on you as a writer, also leaves an existential imprint (印记) on you as a person.I have heard people say that a writer should never take criticism personally.I say that we should never listen to these people.

　　E. Criticism, at its best, is deeply personal, and gets to the heart of why we write the way we do. Theintimate nature of genuine criticism implies something about who is able to give it, namely,someone who knows you well enough to show you how your mental life is getting in the way of good writing.Conveniently, they are also the people who care enough to see you through this painful realization.For me it took the form of my first, and I hope only, encounter with writer'sblock--I was not able to produce anything for three years.

　　F. Franz Kafka once said: "Writing is utter solitude (独处), the descent into the cold abyss (深渊) of oneself." My mother's criticism had shown me that Kafka is right about the cold abyss, and when you make the introspective (内省的) descent that writing requires you are not always pleased by what you find.But, in the years that followed, her sustained tutoring suggested that Kafka might be wrong about the solitude.I was lucky enough to find a critic and teacher who was willing to make the journey of writing with me."It is a thing of no great difficulty," according to Plutarch, "to raise objections against another man's speech, it is a very easy matter; but to produce a better in its place is a work extremely troublesome." I am sure I wrote essays in the later years of high school without my mother's guidance, but I can't recall them.What I remember, however, is how she took up the "extremely troublesome" work of ongoing criticism.

　　G. There are two ways to interpret Plutarch when he suggests that a critic should be able to produce "a better in its place." In a straightforward sense, he could mean that a critic must be more talented than the 　　artist she critiques (评论).My mother was well covered on this count.But perhaps

　　Plutarch is suggesting something slightly different, something a bit closer to Marcus Cicero's claim that one should "criticize by creation, not by finding fault." Genuine criticism creates a precious opening for an author to become better on his own terms--a process that is often extremely painful,but also almost always meaningful.

　　H. My mother said she would help me with my writing, but first I had to help myself.For each assignment, I was to write the best essay I could.Real criticism is not meant to find obvious mistakes, so if she found any--the type I could have found on my own--I had to start from scratch.From scratch.Once the essay was "flawless," she would take an evening to walk me through myerrors.That was when true criticism, the type that changed me as a person, began.

　　I. She criticized me when I included little-known references and professional jargon (行话).She had no patience for brilliant but irrelevant figures of speech."Writers can't bluff (虚张声势) their way through ignorance." That was news to me--I would need to freed another way to structure my daily existence.

　　J. She trimmed back my flowery language, drew lines through my exclamation marks and argued for the value of restraint in expression."John," she almost whispered.I leaned in to hear her:"I can'thear you when you shout at me." So I stopped shouting and bluffing, and slowly my writingimproved.

　　K. Somewhere along the way I set aside my hopes of writing that flawless essay.But perhaps I missed something important in my mother's lessons about creativity and perfection.Perhaps the point of writing the flawless essay was not to give up, but to never willingly finish.Whitman repeatedly reworked "Song of Myself' between 1855 and 1891.Repeatedly.We do our absolute best with apiece of writing, and come as close as we can to the ideal.And, for the time being, we settle.Incritique, however, we are forced to depart, to give up the perfection we thought we had achieved for the chance of being even a little bit better.This is the lesson I took from my mother: If perfection were possible, it would not be motivating.

　　46.The author was advised against the improper use of figures of speech.

　　47.The author's mother taught him a valuable lesson by pointing out lots of flaws in his seemingly perfect essay.

　　48.A writer should polish his writing repeatedly so as to get closer to perfection.

　　49.Writers may experience periods of time in their life when they just can't produce anything.

　　50.The author was not much surprised when his school teacher marked his essay as "flawless".

　　51.Criticizing someone's speech is said to be easier than coming up with a better one.

　　52.The author looks upon his mother as his most demanding and caring instructor.

　　53.The criticism the author received from his mother changed him as a person.

　　54.The author gradually improved his writing by avoiding fancy language.

　　55.Constructive criticism gives an author a good start to improve his writing.

　　Section C

　　Directions: There are 2 passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C.andD .You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.

　　Passage One

　　Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.

　　Could you reproduce Silicon Valley elsewhere, or is there something unique about it?

　　It wouldn't be surprising if it were hard to reproduce in other countries, because you couldn'treproduce it in most of the US either.What does it take to make a Silicon Valley?

　　It's the right people.If you could get the right ten thousand people to move from Silicon Valley to Buffalo, Buffalo would become Silicon Valley.

　　You only need two kinds of people to create a technology hub (中心) : rich people and nerds (痴迷科研的人).

　　Observation bears this out.Within the US, towns have become star,up hubs if and only if they have both rich people and nerds.Few startups happen in Miami, for example, because although it's full of rich people, it has few nerds.It's not the kind of place nerds like.

　　Whereas Pittsburgh has the opposite problem: plenty of nerds, but no rich people.The top US Computer Science departments are said to be MIT, Stanford, Berkeley, and Carnegie-Mellon.MITyielded Route 128.Stanford and Berkeley yielded Silicon Valley.But what did Carnegie-Mellon yield in Pittsburgh? And what happened in Ithaca, home of Cornell University, which is also high on the list?

　　I grew up in Pittsburgh and went to college at Cornell, so I can answer for both.The weather is terrible, particularly in winter, and there's no interesting old city to make up for it, as there is inBoston.Rich people don't want to live in Pittsburgh or Ithaca. So while there're plenty of hackers (电脑迷) who could start startups, there's no one to invest in them

　　Do you really need the rich people? Wouldn't it work to have the government invest in the nerds?

　　No, it would not.Startup investors are a distinct type of rich people.They tend to have a lot of experience themselves in the technology business.This helps them pick the right startups, and means they can supply advice and connections as well as money.And the fact that they have a personal stake in the outcome makes them really pay attention.

　　56.What do we learn about Silicon Valley from the passage?

　　A.Its success is hard to copy anywhere else.

　　B.It is the biggest technology hub in the US.

　　C.Its fame in high technology is incomparable.

　　D.It leads the world in information technology.

　　57.What makes Miami unfit to produce a Silicon Valley?

　　A.Lack of incentive for investment.

　　B.Lack of the right kind of talents.

　　C.Lack of government support.

　　D.Lack of famous universities.

　　58.In what way is Carnegie-Mellon different from Stanford, Berkeley and MIT?

　　A.Its location is not as attractive to rich people.

　　B.Its science departments are not nearly as good.

　　C.It does not produce computer hackers and nerds.

　　D.It does not pay much attention to business startups.

　　59.What does the author imply about Boston?

　　A.It has pleasant weather all year round.

　　B.It produces wealth as well as high-tech.

　　C.It is not likely to attract lots of investors and nerds.