虚拟语气英语的语法汇总

虚拟语气英语的语法汇总

虚拟语气关键指的的是含有非真正标准状语从句的复合句，表述的是讲话人的缺憾后悔莫及的语调，心愿及其提议，指令，规定这些的感情，通常说的是与客观事实反过来或是没法完成更改的物品。虚拟语气具体表现为在对以往如今或是未来的状况作出假定后，有可能出現的状况。

虚拟语气的內容关键有三大控制模块

1.

虚拟条件句

第一控制模块便是牵涉到条件从句一部分的內容。这一部分的虚拟语气关键反映在三个层面：基础使用方法，各行其是，及其委婉之美。

下表便是条件从句虚拟语气的基础使用方法：

一般，在上面报表里体现的是是非非真正条件句的虚拟语气方式，从句和主句的谓语动词时间一致的，假如二者時间不一致，这时便是复合型虚拟语气。复合型虚拟语气的应用规定“各行其是”，即从句和主句依据分别假定的時间不一样，选用上边报表中相匹配的的谓语动词方式。

怎样“各行其是”呢？这就好像数学课里的排列与组合，一边有三种状况，交叉式一配搭就出現了好多种多样状况。无论如何，我们要遵照一个标准，便是“各行其是”。比如，从句是对以往状况的假定，而主句则是对如今状况的假定，那我们在应用时，从句就用过去完成式，而主句要用would/could do的方式。自然，也并不一定的AB配便是有效的，有时在实际情境下，会出現分歧的状况，这时候大家就需要融合要表达的意思来分辨她们是对什么状况的假定，挑选适合的方式。一般而言，主句的假定時间会产生在从句的假定時间以后。由于是有那么一个标准才会出現主句的现况。因而在该类的进行句子练习中，我们要特别提示留意时间状语的暗示着

1. If I had seen you, I would not be so worried now. (从句是对以往的假定，主句是对如今的假定)

2. If you had not watched television so late last night, you would not be so sleepy now.( 从句是对以往的假定，主句是对如今的假定)

3. If I were you, I would seize the chance to go abroad. (从句和主句全是如今的假定)

4. Had you followed the doctor’s suggestion, you would be fine now.( 从句是对以往的假定，主句是对如今的假定)

5. If I had made some money last summer, I would go on holiday next month.( 从句是对以往的假定，主句是对未来的假定)

6. You didn’t let me drive. If we had driven in turns, you wouldn’t be so tired now. (从句是对以往的假定，主句是对如今的假定)

7. If Lily didn’t attend today’s party, she could not have the chance to work in the company next week. (从句是对如今的假定，主句是对未来的假定)

虚拟语气在if正确引导的标准状语从句中，需注意虚拟语气与倒装的融合，前提条件是省去if，这类状况常见于以往和未来的假定，主要表现是将if省去，把had, were, should这类词句提早组成倒装。比如：

Were I you, I would go.

Should it happen, what should you do?

Had he recognised me, he would have come over.

虚拟语气中的“委婉之美”指的是委婉虚拟语气。由于有时候假定的状况并并不是以if正确引导的条件从句方式出現，只是根据一些语句等方式暗示着虚拟语气的存有，常用的词语有without, but for, otherwise, or这些，这时我们可以从含意上推测虚拟语气的時间(考試时大部分状况是对以往的假定)。

But for your encouragement, I would not have been admitted to this university. （以往）

Without water, all lives would die. （如今）

He felt too tired yesterday, or he would have attended my party. （以往）

I was having a meeting, otherwise I would have come to see you off. （以往）

2.

should do的用法

虚拟语气的第二控制模块便是带有should do的用法，这一部分主要是相关提议和指令的有关从句，包含主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句及其以之有关的形式主语宾语这类的从句。

这一部分的词关键有普遍的形容词有advise, suggest, insist, order, require, recommend, command及其有关专有名词这些。记忆力口决：一个坚持不懈(insist)，2个指令(order, command)，三个提议(suggest, advise, recommend)，四个规定(ask, require, demand, request)。

1. 宾语从句的虚拟语气

He insisted that the meeting be put off.

He gives orders that the soldiers (should) leave.

2. 表语从句的虚拟语气

My suggestion is that we (should) stay here for a rest.

3. 同位语从句的虚拟语气

There is no suggestion that she (should) resign.

4. 主语从句的虚拟语气关键反映在It做形式主语的三种状况：

It’s p.p that ；

It’s adj. that；

It’s n. that

常见的形容词:recommand, demand, desire, order, request, require, suggest,command

常见的修饰词:important, necessary, right, advisable, natural, strange, surprising, regretful,urgent, vital, insistent, essential

常见的专有名词:duty, pity, no surpise, no wonder, shame, regret

实际上这种词在语句中实际上也是有提议指令相近的的含意

It’s important that you should take the medicine.

It’s a pity that you should refuse the invitation.

It’s essential that we should learn some knowledge about fist aid.

It’s demanded that all the students should go to the playground.

It was suggested that he should join the club activities.

5. It为形式宾语的状况事实上是上边形式主语的一种形变，是以it为形式宾语的复合型宾语从句，it后边的宾语补足语多见修饰词或专有名词，普遍词便是上边形式主语后边的这些词。

I consider it vital that he (should) think deeply before acting.

6. 一些词句如suggest, insist 等有双向含意，因此 在应用的情况下要注意什么情况下用虚拟语气，何时无需虚拟语气。

Her smile suggested that she was in favor of the plan.

We insisted that what the boy did was wrong.

3.

特殊句式

虚拟语气的第三大控制模块指的是虚拟语气在特殊句式中的应用。句这种句型应用的虚拟语气与上边的虚拟语气会各有不同：

would rather在使 用时要留意它的不一样使用方法。由于自身would rather能够立即接动词原形，组成would rather do sth. (than do sth.else); 或是would do sth. rather than do sth.else.而虚拟语气的would rather 是那样应用的would rather sb. did(对如今或未来的假定)/ had done(对以往的假定)

I would rather he didn’t go now.

They would rather they hadn’t attended the party.

It’s (about) (high) time (that)…从句中常见过去时(有时候也用should do), 含建议的意思。中文的含意为“是该做…的情况下了”，也相当于It’s time for sb. to do sth.

It’s high time (that) we went home.

It’s high time that we (should) go home.

for fear that 后边能够接虚拟语气should do，还可以接别的语调，但仍然会有一个情态动词。

I will not make a noise for fear that I should / might disturd you.

wish clause; as if/ though clause; If only这三种状况的虚拟语气有点儿类似。

wish后的宾语从句，谓语动词要用虚拟语气，其方式关键有三种wish sb. did(对如今的虚似); wish sb. had done(对以往的虚似); wish sb. would do (对未来的虚似).有时候在对以往的虚似时，也会出現wish sb. would have done的状况。

I wish I knew what was going to happen.

She wished she had stayed at home.

I wish I would have seen her last night.

★这时要留意表明语调很强时要How sb. wish clause, 其使用方法跟上面一样。假如要用was仍然换为were. 比如：How I wish I were a bird.

as if/ though出現的虚拟语气关键有二种状况：主句 as if/ though正确引导的状语从句； seem/ look/ smell as if/ though正确引导的表语从句。

主句 as if/ though正确引导的状语从句：主句 as if/ though 主语 did/ were(对如今的假定)；主句 as if/ though 主语 could/ would do(对未来的假定)；主句 as if/ though 主语 had done(对以往的假定)

seem/ look/ smell等的从句状况大部分和上边一致。比如：

She talks as if she knew everything.

留意不用用虚拟语气的状况

If only造成的感叹句规定用虚拟语气，表明心愿。方式为：用过去时或是would/ could do, 表明与如今或将来客观事实反过来的心愿；用过去完成式表明与以往客观事实反过来的心愿。

If only he were here!

If only you would listen to our advise!

If only I had not been busy last week!

★If only 还可以用以虚似条件从句中，如：

If only I had more money, I could buy a car!