【nba篮球规则】哈登法则：NBA阻止外挂玩家的失败尝试！

Ames harden is still getting to the line，but the rule named after the rockets star has been a night mare for refs to enforce。

为了组织他制定了这个法则，詹姆斯哈登仍然登上罚球线，新的哈登法则反而让裁判绝望了。

Every once in a while, a player is so dominant at a certain aspect of basketball that the league has to change the rules. Wilt Chamberlain had the NBA changing rules all the time—most notably, they introduced goaltending and interference calls to dampen his dominance around the rim.

有时就会有那么一个球员在篮球的某一方面表现卓越超群，以致于联盟不得不修改规则。威尔特-张伯伦是历史上推动了最多规则修改的球员，最著名的就是联盟设立了干扰投篮得分和进攻方干扰投篮来限制他在篮圈附近的强大统治力。

Kareem Abdul-Jabbar was so good the NCAA actually outlawed dunking for a few years. Reggie Miller was so adept at drawing fouls on three-point attempts by kicking his feet out while shooting that the NBA decided to outlaw the move. Mark Jackson so often posted up defenders for increasingly boring periods of time that the league said anything longer than five seconds would result in a turnover.

卡里姆-阿卜杜尔-贾巴尔因其个人能力的突出导致NCAA在那些年禁止扣篮。雷吉-米勒非常善于在投篮时故意伸腿从而制造3分犯规，因此NBA禁止了这种做法。马克-杰克逊因频繁背身单打对方后卫导致比赛场面十分枯燥，于是联盟下令超过5秒则判进攻方的失误。

These rule changes are like badges of excellence for those who inspired them. Which leads us to James Harden, and the rule change the NBA made this summer to prevent him from executing one of his signature offensive moves. “The Harden Rule” states that an offensive player can no longer draw a foul by initiating contact, and that a player must be in the act of shooting to be attributed a shooting foul. Essentially, continuation is no longer guaranteed. If a player gets fouled but they are not clearly in the shooting motion, it will no longer be called as a shooting foul.

这些规则的变动同时也是这些球员超凡表现的证明。话题再回到詹姆斯-哈登，NBA今夏修改了规则来限制他的一个代表性进攻动作。“哈登法则”是指一个进攻球员不再能通过投篮动作前的身体接触而制造投篮犯规，他必须做出投篮动作才被判罚为投篮犯规。实质上就是连贯动作不再受到保护。如果一个球员在还没有完全摆出投篮动作时被犯规，那么这个犯规不再判罚为投篮犯规。

What’s fascinating, however, is that this purposeful rule change hasn’t stopped Harden from continuing to utilize the rulebook in a favorable way. Despite his free-throw ratecurrently the lowest it’s been since his second year in the league, Harden—currently out with a hamstring injury—is still attempting 14.0 free throws per 100 possessions, the second most of his career. Most of his tactics continue to work, and all he’s had to do is simply speed up how fast he shoots the ball after drawing contact.

然而，神奇的是，这项针对性的规则改动并没有阻止哈登继续用他熟悉的方式制造犯规。尽管他最近的罚篮命中率是自他二年级后的新低，但最近左腿筋受伤的哈登仍然在每百回合中有14次罚篮，生涯第二高。他的造犯规打法大部分仍然奏效，接下来他所需要做的很简单，就是在身体接触后更快完成投篮动作。

The only effect the rule change has had on Harden is pissing him off on the occasions that it is not officiated consistently. Sometimes, as we see below, players are awarded shots after they’re hacked on the gather.

“哈登法则”的对哈登唯一影响就是某些进攻不再一如既往地获得投篮犯规会让他失望。如下所示，球员有时在收球后被打手犯规其实应当判为投篮犯规。

DeMar DeRozan gathers the ball, gets hit on his first step, takes one more step, shoots, and is attributed the shooting foul. In the same game Pascal Siakam is “hit” following the first step after his gather. He takes one more step following the alleged foul and then shoots the ball. He does not get the shooting foul, however, and it is just called a common foul.

德马尔-德罗赞收球在手上篮迈出第一步，接着再突一步，出手，然后造了一个投篮犯规。在同一场比赛中，帕斯卡尔-西亚卡姆在收球迈出一步后才算“进攻”。他在被犯规后再迈一步，随后球再出手，却没有获得投篮犯规的判罚，只是被判罚为普通犯规。

The difference between these two plays is so minute that attempting to rationalize the referee’s decision would almost certainly be headache inducing. It’s not an isolated occurrence, either.

这两位球员的动作差别其实很小，令人头疼地是，你很难合理解释裁判的判罚。当然，以上并不是个例。

The rule is now so convoluted that refs have to not only quickly decipher whether a foul was committed, but exactly at what moment contact occurred. They then have to figure out whether or not the gather was in the shooting motion or before the shooting motion, all within one second. Sometimes it’s not their fault. For example, this three-point attempt was not called a shooting foul:

修改后的规则很让人费解，现在裁判不仅要迅速判断是否发生犯规，还要准确判断出什么时候发生了身体接触。于是他们需要判定犯规是否发生在收球做出投篮动作时又或是在投篮动作之前，这一连串动作的发生不超过一秒。有时，有争议的判罚并不能怪裁判。比如这球三分出手并不算一个投篮犯规：

It’s as clear and obvious as a shooting foul can possibly be, and yet the referees missed it because they are being forced to evaluate so many different elements at once.

这球以前明显应该算作一个投篮犯规，但裁判没有那样判罚，是因为他们必须在一瞬间对多种因素做出界定。

What happens when rules get too complicated? Look at the NFL, where the debate over the catch rule continues to dominate the league, and where referees continued to be confounded by its complexities. Something easily regulated by children on grassy fields has become impossible to decipher at the professional level.

当规则变得过于复杂会如何呢？我们来看美式橄榄球NFL的规则。NFL联盟中对接球规则的争议不绝于耳，裁判也一直因其晦涩难懂而犯懵。一些儿童在草地上的简单游戏规则怎么会演变成一个专业破译工作？

Leagues that do this to themselves not only lose control of the conversation, much of which shifts to the rules of the game rather than the games themselves, but wind up seeing games decided by rules that nobody understands. The NBA has not had this moment yet—but it’s a real possibility.

NFL的做法不但失去了对舆论的控制使得大量讨论比赛判罚的言论甚嚣尘上掩盖了比赛本身，而且令人无法理解地使比赛走向被这些判罚左右。NBA还没变成那样，但不是没有那个可能。

Imagine Harden’s Rockets are down two in the final seconds of a close playoff game. Harden gets fouled after gathering and goes on to hit his shot. But the ref decides not to call the continuation. No and-one. The Rockets lose. The media doesn’t let go for days.

设想一下，在一场胶着的季后赛的最后时刻，火箭队还落后2分。哈登出手，哨响，接着命中！但裁判认为那不是连贯动作，没有加罚，最终火箭落败。媒体一定不会错过，于是大书特书好几天。

Many NBA rules get called unevenly. Human error is built into the game and has decided games since it was invented. But there’s no reason to exacerbate things with frustrating rules. The league has never been good at stopping stars from taking advantage of facets of the game that other players simply can not.

许多NBA规则并不完善。人之过在于创立这个游戏伊始，就干扰了游戏发展。但也没有理由让那些不合理的规则进一步干扰比赛进程。球星区别于普通球员就是他们可以发现和利用比赛中各种有利的条件，联盟也一直没有找到改善这种不平衡的完美解决办法。

Some of these rules have obviously been a net positive—we’d hate to watch a version of the NBA without goaltending. However, in Year 71, the rules are beginning to get stacked on top of one another. Impulsive rule making has historically always been a mistake. This particular rule has made shooting fouls impossible to predict. Hopefully, it won’t one day decide the outcome of a pivotal game.

这些规则改动中有一部分显而易见地推动了联盟积极发展——我们一定不会喜欢没有干扰球的NBA比赛。可是，联盟发展至今71年，这些规则改动开始走向了另一个方向。冲动地修改规则往往会犯历史性的错误。尤其是此次规则的改动对于投篮犯规的影响很难说清。但愿，“哈登法则”不会有决定关键比赛赛果的一天。

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原文标题: The 'Harden Rule' Is The NBA Version of the NFL's Catch Rule Disaster 
原文作者: Justin Jett 
发表时间: 2018.01.04 
原文链接:  
译者: @MisTvic （感谢虎扑大大）