【卡尔德克】诺贝尔文学奖揭晓，村上春树又陪跑了

村上春树再次陪跑……

当地时间10月10日，瑞典文学院宣布，将2018年诺贝尔文学奖授予奥尔加·托卡尔丘克（Olga Tokarczuk），将2019年诺贝尔文学奖授予彼得·汉德克（Peter Handke）。

由于去年的丑闻风波，2018年的诺贝尔文学奖顺延到今年，于是今天晚上产生了两位诺贝尔文学奖的得主。

The Nobel Prize in Literature for 2018 is awarded to the Polish author Olga Tokarczuk. The Nobel Prize in Literature for 2019 is awarded to the Austrian author Peter Handke.

2018年诺贝尔文学奖被授予波兰作家Olga Tokarczuk，2019年诺贝尔文学奖被授予奥地利作家 Peter Handke。

Via The Guardian

To a packed room at the Swedish Academy in Stockholm on Thursday, the permanent secretary of the Swedish Academy Mats Malm announced Tokarczuk as 2018’s Nobel literature laureate, and Handke as 2019’s winner. Tokarczuk was cited by the committee for “a narrative imagination that with encyclopedic passion represents the crossing of boundaries as a form of life”, and Handke for “an influential work that with linguistic ingenuity has explored the periphery and the specificity of human experience”.

当地时间周四在斯德哥尔摩瑞典皇家科学院的一个拥挤的房间里，院长Mats Malm宣布Tokarczuk为2018年诺贝尔文学奖获得者，Handke为2019年的获奖者。 该委员认为Tokarczuk“以充满想象力的叙事，以百科全书式的热情，诠释了生活的方方面面”，而Handke则以“以独特而有影响力的语言探索了人类的边缘性和特殊性”。

Via The Guardian

中国作家残雪、余华、杨炼也是该奖项的热门人选。

British odds comparison site NicerOdds had found Can was the fourth favourite to win the award among bookmakers, tied with Japanese writer Haruki Murakami, who has long been a strong candidate to win the prize.

英国赔率网站NicerOdds显示，残雪一度位列第四位，与日本作家村上春树并列，村上春树一直是该奖的最佳候选人。

However, her works had been translated in many countries, including Japan, the United States, France, Italy and Germany, and she had been dubbed China’s Franz Kafka, Rednet.cn reported. Some elite Western universities have listed her books as texts for literature students.

根据红网报道，她的作品已经被翻译成外语，引入日本、美国、法国、意大利和德国等国家，并且被人们称为中国的弗朗茨•卡夫卡。西方一些精英大学已将她的书列为文学专业的课本。

Via SCMP

诺奖是怎么评选的？

As Alfred Nobel put it in his will, the prize is awarded to the author who is deemed to have written "the most outstanding work in an ideal direction".

正如创立者Alfred Nobel在其遗嘱中所说的，诺贝尔文学奖创立的宗旨是“表彰在文学方面创作出具有理想倾向的最佳作品的人”

Sara Danius, permanent secretary of the Swedish Academy, has said: "The Nobel Prize in Literature is awarded to someone who has done outstanding work in an idealistic direction that adds the greatest benefit to humankind. Nationality is expressly unimportant."

瑞典皇家科学院常任秘书长Sara Danius表示：“诺贝尔文学奖是授予那些写出理想倾向佳作的人，为人类带来最大利益的人。国籍显然不重要。”

Academy member Anders Olsson said they looked for a more diverse shortlist this year and were moving away from a more "male-oriented" and "Eurocentric perspective of literature".

学院成员Anders Olsson表示，今年候选人名单更加多样化，并且逐渐脱离“以男性为中心”和“以欧洲为中心的文学视角”。

The winning writer receives nine million Swedish kronor (£740,000), as well as a medal and a diploma.

获奖作家将获得900万瑞典克朗（74万英镑）的奖金，一枚奖章和一张证书。

Via BBC 

值得一提的是，今年的诺贝尔文学奖预测人选中，有多名为女性作家。早前有媒体预测，两位获奖者中，至少有一名是女性。

It seems almost certain that at least one of the laureates will be a woman. The Polish writers Olga Tokarczuk and Hanna Krall, South Korea’s Han Kang, Joyce Carol Oates of the US and the Russian novelist Lyudmila Ulitskaya have all been mentioned as contenders. Only 14 of the 114 laureates since 1901 have been women.

几乎可以肯定的是，至少一名获奖者将是一名女性。波兰作家Olga Tokarczuk和Hanna Krall，韩国的Han Kang，美国的Joyce Carol Oates和俄罗斯小说家Lyudmila Ulitskaya都被认为是竞争者。自1901年以来，在114位获奖者中，只有14位是女性。

Via The Guardian 

The Swedish Academy, which oversees the prestigious award, suspended it to make changes to its processes after it was engulfed in a sexual assault scandal.

因卷入性侵犯丑闻，诺贝尔奖评审机构瑞典皇家科学院推迟颁发了2018年诺贝尔文学奖。

Jean-Claude Arnault, the husband of Academy member Katarina Frostenson, was sentenced to two years in prison in October after being convicted of rape.

学院成员Katarina Frostenson的丈夫Jean-Claude Arnault在被判犯有强奸罪后于去年10月被判处两年有期徒刑。

Frostenson stepped down, and the events sparked a crisis in the organisation involving allegations of conflict of interest and the leaking of Nobel winners' names. It all resulted in "reduced public confidence in the Academy", according to the awards body.

Frostenson因此辞职，这件事也引发了该组织的危机，面临多项指控，包括利益冲突和泄露诺贝尔奖获者名字。这使得公众“对瑞典皇家科学院产生信任下降。”

Via BBC

图文：BBC， The Guardian， SCMP