【大学英语四第一单元单词作文】(从英语句子中背单词)现代大学英语精读4 Unit1单词

angish英语[w]美国[w]

anguish is great mental suffering or physical pain。

名词。anguish is great mental suffering or physical pain。(精神上的)悲伤；(身体上的)剧烈疼痛

极度的痛苦烦恼

Intolerable anguish无法忍受的痛苦

1.He groaned in anguish。他痛苦地呻吟。《牛津词典》 2。mark Looked at him in anguish。马克非常痛苦地看着他。no one suspected the anguish he carried on his shoulders。没有人怀疑他遭受的痛苦。《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》 3。for a few brief minutes we forgot the anxiety and anguish。几分钟之内，我们忘记了悲伤和痛苦。《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》 4 . I won ' t get into definitions of what torture is but it would cause somebody tremendous pain and anguish to keep them from aspish

VI . if you aspire to something such as an important job，you have a strong desire to achieve it . aspire(to sth/to do sth)有雄心壮志(立志追求.people who aspire to public office.想要获得公职的人。Rice aspired to go to college。赖斯渴望上大学。For us，it ' s something that we may aspire to but can never attain。对我们来说是可望而不可及的事。《新英汉大辞典》 Mary is ambitious enough to aspire to conversation al fluency in Chinese in four months But，for every woman，what we aspire

adv . you use bitterly when you are describing an attitude which involves strong，unpleasant emotions such as anger or dislike。苦涩的极度，非常，强烈的

维特利费恩普尔无法挽回。

Bitterly disappointed很酷。苦涩的失望心冷，深深地失望

维特里考尔德冷得像在发胖一样。冷得像刺骨。寒风

it ' s been bitterly cold here in Moscow。在莫斯科天气很冷。《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》 we are bitterly upset at what has happened。我们对发生的事感到很难过。《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》 she remained bitterly opposed to the idea of moving abroad。她仍然强烈反对移民。《牛津词典》 bulge英语[bld]美国[bld]

Vt。引起膨胀。凸起

六。膨胀突出来

1 . v-I if something such as a person ' s stomach bulges，it sticks out。召集了Jiro waddled closer，his belly bulging and distender

He bulges out of his blac

k T-shirt.他臃肿的身体在黑色Ｔ恤下面鼓了出来。

• 2. V-I If someone's eyes or veins are bulging, they seem to stick out a lot, often because the person is making a strong physical effort or is experiencing a strong emotion. (眼睛或血管因用力或激动而) 凸出

He shouted at his brother, his neck veins bulging.他冲着弟弟大喊大叫，脖子上的血管都凸起来了。

• 3. V-I If you say that something is bulging with things, you are emphasizing that it is full of them. 塞满 [oft cont] [强调]

They returned home with the car bulging with boxes.他们开着那辆塞满了盒子的车回到了家。

• 4. N-COUNT Bulges are lumps that stick out from a surface which is otherwise flat or smooth. (平面上) 凸起的一块

Why won't those bulges on your hips and thighs go?为什么你臀部和大腿上的赘肉不能消失呢？

• 5. N-COUNT If there is a bulge in something, there is a sudden large increase in it. 骤增

...a bulge in aircraft sales.

…飞机销量的骤增。

costly英 [ˈkɒstli] 美 [ˈkɔːstli]

adj. If you say that something is costly, you mean that it costs a lot of money, often more than you would want to pay. 昂贵的；代价高的,损失大的

• Having professionally made curtains can be costly, so why not make your own?买专业制造的窗帘可能很贵，你为什么不自己做呢？
• You want to avoid costly legal proceedings if you can. 如果能够的话你希望避免昂贵的法律诉讼。《牛津词典》
• The best equipment is costly but is well worth the outlay. 最好的设备花费大，但这种开支很值得。《牛津词典》
• At the required level of visual verisimilitude, computer animation is extremely costly. 要使电脑动画的视觉效果达到要求的逼真程度，花费会十分昂贵。
• It proved a costly mistake.事实证明，这是一个代价惨重的错误。
• It was a costly victory.那是一次代价很高的胜利.——《用法词典》
• This dictionary is very useful, only it is a bit costly.这本词典很有用, 左不过贵了些.——《现代汉英综合大词典》
• In rural areas the distance between buildings makes infrastructure development costly.农村地区房屋之间的距离较大,这造成基础设施建设耗费资金.
• But freezing and shipping milk can be costly.但是冷冻和运输母乳的成本很高.
• Psychometric tests can save organizations from grim and costly mistakes.心理测试能够使组织机构避免犯下损失惨重的大错。——柯林斯例句
• Coastal defence is a costly business.海防事务很耗费资财。

deficiency英 [dɪˈfɪʃnsi] 美 [dɪˈfɪʃnsi]

• n. 缺陷，缺点；缺乏

vitamin deficiency [内科] 维生素缺乏症 ; 维生素缺乏病 ; 的中文意思

Chromium deficiency 铬缺乏

oxygen deficiency [医] 缺氧 ; 氧气不足 ; 氧缺陷 ; 缺氧

iron deficiency 缺铁；铁缺乏

iron deficiency anemia 缺铁性贫血

mental deficiency 心智缺陷；智力缺陷；精神不健全

acquired immune deficiency syndrome 艾滋病；获得性免疫缺陷综合症

deficiency disease 营养缺乏病

• 1.N-VAR Deficiencyin something, especially something that your body needs, is not having enough of it. 缺乏; 不足例

They did blood tests on him for signs of vitamin deficiency.他们给他做了血检看是否有缺乏维生素的迹象。

2. N-VAR A deficiency that someone or something has is a weakness or imperfection in them. 缺点; 缺陷 [正式]

The most serious deficiency in NATO's air defence is the lack of an identification system to distinguish friend from foe.北约防空的最大缺陷就是缺乏能够辨认敌友的识别系统。

Vitamin deficiency in the diet can cause illness. 饮食中缺乏维生素可能导致疾病。《牛津词典》

Opacity of the eye lens can be induced by deficiency of certain vitamins. 眼球晶状体的混浊可由缺乏某些维生素引起。《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》

The most serious deficiency in NATO's air defence is the lack of an identification system to distinguish friend from foe. 北约防空的最大缺陷就是缺乏能够辨认敌友的识别系统。

detestation英 [ˌdiːteˈsteɪʃn] 美 [ˌdiːteˈsteɪʃn]

• n. 嫌恶，痛恨，憎恶；令人厌恶的人

adj. detestable 可憎的，可恶的；嫌恶的

adv. detestably 可恶地；可憎地；令人作呕地

vt. detest 厌恶；憎恨

• We all hold these old customs in detestation. 我们都非常嫌恶这些旧习惯。《新英汉大辞典》
• Her detestation and disgust must have found voice. 她一定会发泄她的厌恶和憎恨的。

adj. 分裂的；崩溃的

completely disintegrated 完整决裂

disintegrated particles 细碎料

disintegrated granite 崩解花岗岩

• . V-I If something disintegrates, it becomes seriously weakened, and is divided or destroyed. 瓦解

During October 1918 the Austro-Hungarian Empire began to di年10月期间奥匈帝国开始瓦解。

• 2. disintegration N-UNCOUNT 解体

...the violent disintegration of Yugoslavia.…南斯拉夫的猛烈解体。

• 3. V-I If an object or substance disintegrates, it breaks into many small pieces or parts and is destroyed. 破碎

At 420 mph the windshield disintegrated.每小时420英里时，挡风玻璃碎了。

• 4. disintegration N-UNCOUNT 破碎

The report describes the catastrophic disintegration of the aircraft after the explosion.该报道描述了爆炸后飞机的灾难性崩解。

At 420 mph the windshield disintegrated. 每小时420英里时，挡风玻璃碎了。《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》

The plane disintegrated as it fell into the sea. 飞机坠入大海时解体了。《牛津词典》

That lint you see is from your clothes slowly being disintegrated by all the tumbling. 你看到的绒毛是从你的衣服上慢慢地被全部翻滚分解。

exalt英 [ɪɡˈzɔːlt] 美 [ɪɡˈzɔːlt]

• vt. 提升，提拔（有时指提拔到不该得到的职位上）；赞扬，歌颂，颂扬，使得意
• vi. 使人得意

• O magnify the LORD with me, and let us exalt his name together. 你们和我当称耶和华为大，一同高举他的名。
• For you are their glory and strength, and by your favor you exalt our horn. 你是他们力量的荣耀。因为你喜悦我们，我们的角必被高举。
• He started thinking about himself and living for himself, and he wanted to exalt himself. 他始于为自己着想，为自己而活，他想提拔自己。

fuss英 [fʌs] 美 [fʌs]

n. 大惊小怪

• 1. N-SING Fuss is anxious or excited behaviour which serves no useful purpose. 无谓的忙乎 [also no det]例：I don't know what all the fuss is about.我不知道这一切无谓的忙乎是怎么回事。
• 2. V-I If you fuss, you worry or behave in a nervous, anxious way about unimportant matters or rush around doing unnecessary things. 瞎紧张; 瞎操心; 瞎忙乎

Carol fussed about getting me a drink.卡萝尔忙乎着给我弄杯饮料。

My wife was fussing over the food and clothing we were going to take.我妻子在为我们要带的食物和衣服瞎操心。例："Stop fussing," he snapped.“别瞎忙了，”他怒斥道。

• 3. V-I If you fuss over someone, you pay them a lot of attention and do things to make them happy or comfortable. 宠爱

untie Hilda and Uncle Jack couldn't fuss over them enough.希尔达婶婶和杰克叔叔再宠爱他们不过了。

• 4. PHRASE If you make a fuss or kick up a fuss about something, you become angry or excited about it and complain. 大发牢骚 [非正式]

I don't know why everybody makes such a fuss about a few mosquitoes.我不知道为什么所有人都为几只蚊子发这么大的牢骚。

heady英 [ˈhedi] 美 [ˈhedi]

• adj. 【常用于名词前】气味、饮料）醇浓的，令人陶醉的；（气氛、经历等）令人兴奋的；使有信心的强烈作用于感情的

• The heady aroma of wood smoke emanated from the stove. 木头燃烧的浓郁香味从炉子里散发出来。《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》
• After the heady days that led it to power amid the protests of the so-called Tulip Revolution of 2005, the government is now under pressure to show results. 在2005年那场被称为郁金香革命的抗议中，政府兴奋的时光里登台，如今，它面临着展示政绩的压力。

• But they were fully formed adults and intellectuals, and that was a heady experience for a kid from Chicago.但他们是很成熟的成人和知识分子，而这对一个来自芝加哥的小孩来说很不同。
• And I think that was a heady feeling, and I would always be very grateful to have the chance to do that.这是一个很刺激的感觉，同时我也会永远感谢,能够有这样一个机会。

• 【名词前不常用】（人）冲动；冒失

• She felt heady with success. 成功使她得意忘形。《牛津词典》

hideous英 [ˈhɪdiəs] 美 [ˈhɪdiəs]

• adj. 可怕的；丑恶的

incomparably hideous 奇丑无比

hideous plan 可怕地计划

• ADJ If you say that someone or something is hideous, you mean that they are very ugly or unattractive. 极丑的

She saw a hideous face at the window and screamed.她在窗口看到一张奇丑无比的脸，尖叫了起来。

• 2. ADJ You can describe an event, experience, or action as hideous when you mean that it is very unpleasant, painful, or difficult to bear. 非常可怕的; 令人难以忍受的

His family was subjected to a hideous attack by the gang.他一家子遭到了匪帮的可怕袭击

hustle英 [ˈhʌsl] 美 [ˈhʌsl]

• v. 推搡；强力将（某人往特定方向）赶

• V-T If you hustle someone, you try to make them go somewhere or do something quickly, for example by pulling or pushing them along. 猛拉; 猛推

The guards hustled Harry out of the car.卫兵们把哈里从车子里拉了出来。

• 2. V-I If you hustle, you go somewhere or do something as quickly as you can. 快速行进; 赶快做

You'll have to hustle if you're to get home for supper.你想回家吃晚饭的话，得赶紧走了。

• 3. V-I If someone hustles, they try hard to earn money or to gain an advantage from a situation. 奋力争取 [美国英语]

I like it here. It forces you to hustle and you can earn money.我喜欢在这里生活。这个想法迫使你拼命干活，这样可以挣到钱。

Hustling for social contacts isn't something that just happens. You have to make it happen.社会关系不是说建立就建立起来的，你得想尽一切办法去争取。

• 4. V-T If someone hustles you, or if they hustle something, they try hard to get something, often by using dishonest or illegal means. 诈取 (通常用不正当或非法的手段) [美国英语]

Two teenage boys asked us for money, saying they were forming a baseball team. Anna said they were hustling us.两个小男孩向我们要钱，说他们要成立棒球队。安娜说他们在骗钱。

He hustled several daytime jobs and finished his education at night.他骗得了几份白班工作，利用晚上完成了学业。

• 5. N-UNCOUNT Hustle is busy, noisy activity. 忙碌; 熙熙攘攘

...the hustle and bustle of New York.…纽约的熙攘喧闹。

impediment英 [ɪmˈpedɪmənt] 美 [ɪmˈpedɪmənt]

• n. 口吃；妨碍，阻止

• 1. N-COUNT Something that is an impediment to a person or thing makes their movement, development, or progress difficult. 妨碍; 障碍物 [正式] impediment to sb/sth ……的障碍

He was satisfied that there was no legal impediment to the marriage.他对于这场婚姻没有法律上的障碍感到很满意。

• 2. N-COUNT Someone who has a speech impediment has a disability that makes speaking difficult. (言语) 障碍
• John's slight speech impediment made it difficult for his mother to understand him.约翰轻微的口吃使他母亲难以听懂他。

lest英 [lest] 美 [lest]

• conj. 唯恐，以免；（引出产生某种情感的原因）唯恐，担心

• He gripped his brother's arm lest he be trampled by the mob. 他紧抓着他兄弟的胳膊，怕他让暴民踩着。《牛津词典》
• Prithee master thy tongue, lest we be all beaten till we die! 请你管好你的舌头，免得我们都挨打，直到死！精选例句
• "That is not Michael," she said quickly, lest a judgment should fall on her. “那不是迈克尔。”她赶快说，以免判决落在她身上。

• And besides that, lest that not be enough to make sure everyone can succeed in a course like this, we have a very diligent teaching fellow who not only likes to scribe the courses lectures.另外，为了让大家都能,学好这门课，我们有一个很勤奋的助教,他很乐意记录下课程教案。

penal英 [ˈpiːnl] 美 [ˈpiːnl]

• adj. 刑事的；刑罚的

penal protection 刑法保护

penal offence 严重犯规 ; 刑事罪犯刑事问题 ; 重大犯规 ; 刑事罪犯

penal code 刑法典

penal law 刑法

penal colony （罪犯的）流放地

Adj. Penal means relating to the punishment of criminals. 有关刑罚的

• ...penal and legal systems.…刑罚与法律体系。
• The first decision that had to be made was whether the exsiting penal law could be satisfactorily patched up. 首先必须决定现存的刑法是否能圆满地加以修改。
• The English Approval Unit crime, implements two punishes the system; US "Model Penal code" also approves the unit crime. 英国认可单位犯罪，实行两罚制；美国《模范刑法典》亦认可单位犯罪。
• I had heard of her; her institution was considered extraordinary, and her opinion on questions of penal reform carried weight. 我听到过她的一些事情；她管理的监狱被认为相当出色，她对刑法改革问题的意见很有分量。

outnumber英 [ˌaʊtˈnʌmbə(r)] 美 [ˌaʊtˈnʌmbər]

• vt. 数目超过；比…多

V. If one group of people or things outnumbers another, the first group has more people or things in it than the second group. 在数量上超过

• ...a town where men outnumber women four to one. …一个男女比例为4比1的城镇。

• Men still outnumber women in the paid workforce. 在上班挣钱的人口中，男性仍然多于女性。《牛津词典》
• Which means there are several of them and they all think “fair fight” means “we outnumber the hell out of you”. 这就是意味着它们有很多，它们都认为“公平斗争”意思是“我们的数量就能让你下地狱”！
• But these interminable situations do not include the millions more uprooted people who are displaced within their own countries and who far outnumber the world's refugees. 但是，这些无休止的状况尚未包括另外数百万人在自己的国境内流离失所，而这些人的数量远远超过世界上难民的总数。

proficient英 [prəˈfɪʃnt] 美 [prəˈfɪʃnt]

• adj. 熟练的，精通的
• n. 精通；专家，能手

inept proficient 无能的

Proficient Skill 熟练技能

proficient practitioner 良工 ; 精通者

ADJ . If you are proficient in something, you can do it well. 精通的

~(in/at sth) | ~(in/at doing sth)

• A great number of Egyptians are proficient in foreign languages.大量埃及人精通外语。

• And he was very proficient at measuring atomic mass.他对测量原子质量很精通。

• Until you're a proficient reader of a language, writing in our language is a fool's errand.你只有成为一个熟练的读者，才有可能成为一个好的作者。

• She's proficient in several languages. 她精通好几种语言。《牛津词典》Boys test better in hand-eye coordination, making them more proficient at ball sports. 男孩在手眼协调测试中更出色，这使他们更精通球类运动。

prominent英 [ˈprɒmɪnənt] 美 [ˈprɑːmɪnənt]

• adj. 突出的，显著的；杰出的；卓越的

prominent intellectuals 高知识群体 ; 高常识群体

Prominent Figures 明星 ; 人

prominent feature 突出特征；显著地物

prominent character 主要特性

• 1. ADJ Someone who is prominent is important and well-known. 重要的; 著名的

...the children of very prominent or successful parents.…非常知名或成功的人士们的孩子们。

• 2. ADJ Something that is prominent is very noticeable or is an important part of something else. 突出的

Here the window plays a prominent part in the design.这里，窗户在设计中有着突出的作用。

• 3. prominently ADV 突出地 [ADV with v]

Trade will figure prominently in the second day of talks in Washington.贸易在华盛顿会谈的第二天将成为突出的议题。

reel英 [riːl] 美 [riːl]

V. If someone reels, they move about in an unsteady way as if they are going to fall. 踉跄; 因突然受挫）晕眩;（尤指醉酒）走路踉跄

• He was reeling a little. He must be very drunk.

他有点踉跄。他一定醉得很厉害。

remorselessly英 [rɪˈmɔːsləsli] 美 [rɪˈmɔːrsləsli]

• adv. 无悔意地；冷酷地
• There have been record bankruptcies and remorselessly rising unemployment. 破产案数量已达新高，失业率持续上升。《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》
• They remorselessly beat up anyone they suspected of supporting the opposition. 他们毫不留情地殴打任何被怀疑支持反对党的人。《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》
• That is one reason why this conflict grinds on remorselessly from decade to decade. 这是这场冲突能够冷酷无情的不断持续数十载的原因之一。

solidarity英 [ˌsɒlɪˈdærəti] 美 [ˌsɑːlɪˈdærəti]

• n. 团结，团结一致
• N-UNCOUNT If a group of people show solidarity, they show support for each other or for another group, especially in political or international affairs. 团结一致; 相互支持
• Supporters want to march tomorrow to show solidarity with their leaders.支持者有意在明天游行以表现对他们领导的支持。
• There was a degree of solidarity and sisterhood among the women. 这些女人之间具有一定程度的团结精神和姐妹情谊。《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》
• In Scandinavia, a belief in virtues like modesty and social solidarity makes people flinch from the idea of treating brainy children differently. 在斯堪的纳维亚，对谦虚和社会团结等美德的信仰使人们不敢以不同的方式对待聪明的孩子。
• We applaud our members for the solidarity shown in this matter, which is in support of the strike of the Writers Guild of America. 我们赞扬我们的成员在这个事件上表现出的团结，这是对美国作家协会罢工的支持。

symbolize英 [ˈsɪmbəlaɪz] 美 [ˈsɪmbəlaɪz]

• vt. 象征；用符号表现
• vi. 采用象征；使用符号；作为…的象征

V. If one thing symbolizes another, it is used or regarded as a symbol of it. 象征

• The fall of the Berlin Wall symbolized the end of the Cold War between East and West.柏林墙的倒塌象征着东西方冷战的结束。
• Blue can also symbolize trust and dependability. 蓝色还可以象征信任和可靠性。ar
• He came to symbolize his country's struggle for independence. 他逐渐成为祖国为争取独立而斗争的象征。《牛津词典》
• Hotel "Crescent" will be like a "gateway" to those guests who arrive in the country by sea and symbolize the rapidly growing economy of Azerbaijan. “新月”酒店将成为那些从海上抵达阿塞拜疆的客人的“门户”，象征着阿塞拜疆经济的快速增长。

unaccustomed英 [ˌʌnəˈkʌstəmd] 美 [ˌʌnəˈkʌstəmd]

• adj. 不习惯的，不适应的~to sth/to doing sth

不寻常的，非惯例的，不熟悉的【常用于名词前】

• 1. ADJ If you are unaccustomed to something, you do not know it very well or have not experienced it very often. 不习惯的; 不了解的 [书面] [v-link ADJ 'to' n/-ing]

They were unaccustomed to such military setbacks.他们不习惯这样的军事失败。

• 2. ADJ If you describe someone's behaviour or experiences as unaccustomed, you mean that they do not usually behave like this or have experiences of this kind. 不寻常的 [书面] [ADJ n]

He began to comfort me with such unaccustomed gentleness.他开始用异乎寻常的温柔安慰我。

undeserved英 [ˌʌndɪˈzɜːvd] 美 [ˌʌndɪˈzɜːrvd]

• adj. 不应得的，不该受的；冤枉的

Adj. If you describe something such as a reaction, treatment, or result as undeserved, you mean that the person who experiences it has not earned it and should not really have it. (反应、对待、结果)不应承受的

• Douglas has an undeserved reputation for being dull and dry.道格拉斯不该承受无聊枯燥的名声。
• The criticism was totally undeserved. 这批评纯属冤枉人
• Deuteronomy emphasizes God's gracious and undeserved love of Israel,and that's expressed in his mighty acts on Israel's behalf. 申命记强调上帝对以色列仁慈和不应得的爱，这在他对以色列人全能的行为上表现出来。

writhe英 [raɪð] 美 [raɪð]

• vi. 翻滚；蠕动
• vt. 扭曲；扭动

V. If you writhe, your body twists and turns violently backward and forward, usually because you are in great pain or discomfort. (因痛苦或不适) 扭动身体

• He was writhing in agony.他痛得直打滚。
• His dazed eyes stare at the eels, which still writhe and entwine. 他茫然地盯着那些仍在扭动缠绕的鳗鱼。《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》
• The more the worms writhe, the more I yearn to crush out their entrails! 虫子越扭动，我越想挤出它们的内脏！www.
• As neatly stacked shelves began to writhe and wobble, staff did not rush for cover. Instead, they tried - mostly in vain - to stop bottles of soy sauce and packets of miso crashing to the floor. 当整齐摆放的货架开始摇摆晃动时，店员们不是急忙去找藏身之地，而是试图阻止——这大抵上是徒劳的——酱油瓶和味噌酱盒滚落到地板上。