【高中英语作文故事类型】高考英语写作中常见模块的分类与表达

高考英语写作中常见模块的分类与表达

(注：本文发表在高考英语《考试》专刊2008年7-8期教师专刊上，作为百度收入发表)

高考英语作文通常是利用给定的资料调查学生书面英语的表达和运用能力，是主观性和应用性都很强的考试题型。能综合反映考生运用英语知识分析和解决问题的能力。高三英语的复习除了强调平时的知识积累和运用外，还会对各种类型的高考英语作文进行认真的研究。归纳和总结是非常必要的，可以产生反三蜀流防痛效果。笔者通过长期学习研究，发现高中英语作文基本上可以概括为以下几种类型的模块和句型表达。为了能参照这一点进行纠正。(威廉莎士比亚，高中生，高中生，高中生，高中生，高中生)

一：绘画写作

绘画作文可分为(1)漫画型(2)故事型(3)介绍型(4)图表型

(a)漫画型

这种作文的特点通常是借用一两张照片或漫画来描述画面内容，并讲述感伤的看法。这种作文可以测试学生的观察、想象描述、学生的英语分析和解题能力，从而很好地达到学生英语水平的考查。最近几年高考等英语考试作文命题的新趋势。写好这种作文有一定的困难，但本人通过长期实践分析归纳出这种作文实际上可以有规律地遵循，可以应用模板句型。

1说明屏幕内容：

一般来说，您可以使用两三个概括的语句来说明屏幕的内容，使用说明屏幕内容的模板句型。

(1) As can be seen from the picture，

(2)as is depicted in the above picture，

(3)there is a picture which is both interesting and instructive，from the cartoon，we can see that.

(4) taking a close look at the picture，we' ll find.

2展现画面的道德：

漫画类作文通常隐含着一定的意思，反映出某种社会问题。因此，在解释画面内容后，可以用一两个概括的句子来展现画面道德，并实际讨论对下面联系的感想转换。还有这样的句子。

(1) by drawing the picture，the drawer，in much the same way，tries to tell \ encourage us.

(2) simply designed as it is，the symbolic meaning the picture conveys is deep

and as the picture describes \ the Chinese characters say.

(3) The same is ture that.

(4)the moral of the cartoon for us is that.

(5)the purpose of this picture is to show us that.

(6)it is most likely that the drawer of the picture intends not only to tell us the fact，but also to set us thinking more about the fact.

3和现实一起谈谈感想。

在描述画面内容、揭示隐含意义后，不能一概而论，最好结合现实生活谈谈自己对这一现象的看法，或者采取措施解决问题。(莎士比亚) (以英语发言)(以英语发言)。

(1)so it is high time that we took measures to put an end to the phenomenon。

(2)to solve the problem mentioned above，I suggest that the government should take some strong and effective measures to.and what Why can ' t these people be strict with themselves and draw a lesson from the cartoon。

(3) as far as I am concerned，I firmly believe.

(4) in short，I am confident that with the improvement \ development of.the.will certainly be solved in one day .

(5) to solve the problem，both the government and the citizens shouldmake efforts government，most important of all，needs to Tata

..;The citizens too,should develop their awareness of...

【高考作文搜索】 1 03年北京卷； 2 04年广东卷；3 06年山东卷、江西卷 北京卷； 4 07天津卷、北京卷；

【模板运用】

There is a picture which is both interesting and instructive,from the cartoon,we can see that a boy holding a book titled Civic virtue in the air cries,"Who lost it?”Just in front of the boy a man is throwing banana skin onto the at the same time,a well-dressed couplebehing the boy are spitting. It is most likely that the drawer of the picture intends not only to tell us the fact, but also to set us thinking more about the fact that nowadays many people ignore the civic virtue in of us have got into the bad habits of littering and spitting in public places and unfortunately we dodn't relize that it is shameful to do it is high time that we took measures to put an end to the solve the problem mentioned above,I suggest that the government should take some strong and effective measures those what's more,why can't these people be strict with themselves and draw a lesson from the cartoon.（06年山东卷）

（二）故事型

这类作文，通常是借助几幅图片，让学生发挥合理想象，组成一个故事。对于此类作文必须要注意：人称和时态。一般而言通常是用第三人称和一般过去时。

首先：描述故事的背景，交代故事发生的时间，地点，人物等。

其次：根据图片的顺序描述并想像故事发生的经过，注意描写人物的言行和心理活动。

最后： 故事的结局。点明人物的心情感受或故事带给读者的启示等。

【高考作文搜索】92，97，99，2000年全国卷；02，03，07北京卷；04，05年广东卷；04辽宁卷；

【模板运用】

Once upon a time,there was a farmer who worked hard in the field every day.One day,while he was plowing the fields,he heard a bumping saw a rabbit lying by a tree stump. He picked it up and found it was a fat rabbit.He thought to himself:"Since it is so easy toget a rabbit like that,why should I work so hard all day long?"He threw his hoe away and lay by the tree every day,hoping for more rabbits to come.When he finally realized his foolishness and returned to his,field ,he found that all his crops had died. This story tells us that if you want to get something,you must work hard for it.Remember:"No pains,no gains!"（05广东卷）

（三）介绍型

一般是通过两道几幅图来介绍事物的今昔变化，活动的内容，交通路线等等。在写作此类作文的时 候，一定要注意事物的顺序，方位等，注意连接词的运用。

【高考作文搜索】95，99，03年全国卷；02北京卷；

Dear Bob,

I'm so gald to learn that you're coming in Se;ve found a place for you.It's a small flat of 25 spuare meters,with a bathroom and a ki the bedroom there is a bed,a sofa,a desk and a c rent is 500yuan per mon flat is in a building on Fangcao Street,which is not far from Jianxin Chinese S No.11can take you straight to the fact,it's only one you think you'd like it?If not,I can try and find another place for you.Just let me know.

Yours,

Li Hua

（ 03年全国卷）

(四）图表类

这类作文一般都是给出一些图表数据（包括Chart graph table diagram等），然后分析规律，得出启示或者预测将来。

1 描述图表

Recently a survey has been done to find out....As can be seen from the graph\table\charts...

2 分析图表

As far as the reasons are concerned,several factors are invovled.For one thing,...;For another...

3 发表感想或看法，或预测未来发展变化

From the table,we have every reason to look forward to still brighter future for...

【高考作文搜索】 04年北京春季卷；06年湖北卷;07广东卷。

Recently a survey has been done to find out the amount of time the students of the school spend on after-class ac can be seen from Chart 1 that students put the most time-93 minutes-into their homework,and next in line is watching TV,whicj takes up 46 minu put in about the same amount of time listening to music and working on the computer,34 minutesand 30minutes each.While 25 minutes is spent on sports,only 12 minutes goe 2 shows only 10% of their time is taken up by sports ac think the school should encourage the students to exerisemore after. This will make them healthier and more energetic.

二：对比型作文

这类型作文包括观点对比，利弊选择对比和图表对比。近几年高考英语作文经常考查此类作文，望能引起老师学生注意

（一）：观点对比

在高中英语作文里，我们经常可以看到这种类型的作文：就某一问题现象近行讨论，出现两种截然不同的观点。这类做作文可以先引出讨论话题，然后分别列举两种不同的观点及各自的理由，最后发表个人观点看法。

1 摆出现象，引出话题

用一到两句话摆出相关现象，引出所要谈论的话题，或概括描述人们总的看法。

（1） People's views\ideas\opinions on...vary from people to people.

（2） Different people have different views on...It is held that...;But it is also held that...

（3） --- is known as one of the most serious problems in today's wold.

（4） With the rapid development of market ecnomoy...

（5） Recently, our class held a heated dicussion about ...

2 摆出不同观点，分析各自原因

（1） Some people think that...They hold this opinion becouse...;However,others believe that...

（2） Some people think...;But others believe...

（3） There are some possible reasons for the present situatioin.

（4） In general,there are two main reasons leading to the question摆出要讨论话题

（5） Several factors contribute to the phenonenon.

3 发表个人观点看法

（1） In my opinion,...I believe...

（2） As to me,I am in favor of the first\second idea.The followings are the reasons for my c,...;Therefore,\In a word...

（3） As to me, I agree with the latter opinion because...

【高考作文搜索】 02年全国卷；04年湖北卷；06浙江卷，江苏卷，福建卷；07陕西卷；

【模板运用】

Recently, our school held a heated dicussion about whether an entrance fee should be charged for people have different views on the que 60% of the students are against the idea of entrance hold this opinion becouse they believe a public park should be free of c need a place where they can rest and enjoy entrance fees will no doubt keep some people away.What's more,it will become necessory torebuild gates and wallls, which will do harm to the iamge of the ci 40% students think that fees should be charged since you need money to pay gardeners and other workers,and to buy plants and young suggestthat the fees should be low. （02全国卷）

（二）利弊对比

生活中，各种事物都有利有弊，此类作文，同样我们要先引出要写话题，然后分别列举各自利和弊，再比较后谈自己看法。是利大于弊还是敝大于利。

1 摆出要讨论话题：

（1） Nowadays,___plays an important role\part in our life。Like everything else has both advantages and disadvantages.

（2） With the development of science and technology,___is widely used in our life\is very popular around us.It has good points and bad points

2 分析各自利弊及原因

Generally,the advantages can be listed as follows. First,...;Next,....;Most important of all,... But every coin has two sides. The disadvantages are also obvious. To begin with_____,To make matters worse,___;Wost of all,___;

3 比较后自己的看法选择

Though above analysis,I believe that the advantages\postive aspects outweigh the disadvantages\negatives ones. Therefore,if give me a chane,I will choose to...

【高考作文搜索】06陕西卷；06上海卷；07浙江卷。

【模板运用】

Recently,our class have held a dicussion about what to do during are in favour of staying at home, They think it's both convenient and com;s more,they can save money for other they will lose chance of getting to know the outside world.

However,others prefer to go out for traveling since it can increase their knowledge and broaden their they will spend more money and meet some difficulties while traveling.

In my opinion,it would be much better to stay at home. for I can do what I like,such as reading books, watchingTV,and helping my parents with the housework.（06陕西卷）

（三）图表对比

通过图画或数据，展示事物表化发展情况。此类作文，一般要先描述图表，展现古今或前后的巨大变化差异；再简析原因；最后发表感想看法或于此未来的更大变化。需要注意的是一些表示前后变化的连接词的实用。

【高考作文搜索】99，01年全国卷；06江苏卷。

【模板运用】

Dear Dick,

How nice to hear from you again!You want to know what is going onin Chinese short,things hace begun to improve since schoolswere called on to reduce the learning load. Like most other other students, I used to have to work even on weekends doing endless homework and attending classes as well. Now I have more free time. I can pursue my own interests,such as reading books,visting museums, and taking computer le the evenings, I can watch the news on TV or read new can evergo to bed earlier than be far as I know,everyone is happy about this new arragement.（01全国卷）

三 材料介绍类

这类作文一般都会给出许多材料，介绍人物活动。此类作文学生应该有话可写。但这类作文学生往往都得分不高，究其原因就是一：学生容易受材料的束缚，逐条翻译。这是很忌讳的；第二，学生容易犯时态的错误。对于此类作文，首先应认真阅读材料，确定好材料的general idea ；接着构思好结构安排，切忌逐条翻译。尤其是要想好开头。这也是这类文章出彩的地方。为此要好好想想怎样开头，如人物介绍类的作文可以这位样开头：（1）概括介绍人物 As we all know,Yang Liwei is the first astronaut of china.（2）设疑开头Do you want to know more things about ...?（3）倒叙开头：以人物某一突出成就开透。Sun Shuwei,a World Champion in Diving,won the gold mental at the 11th Asian Games .Do youwant to get more things about him?中间可具体介绍人物事迹，要注意时态和顺序。要适当发挥想象。一般如言，按照时间先后顺序，叙述过去的事情用一般过去时。最后总结全文，即可谈谈他现在的情况，也可发表你从中获得的感想。

【高考作文搜索】91，94，96，04，全国卷；06北京卷；06四川卷；07全国卷II;07辽宁卷；07江苏卷；07福建卷；；07湖北卷07重庆卷；07四川卷。

四 常用应用文经典句型

应用文的考查是高中英语书面表达的一重点内容，近几年借助书信这一文体考查学生的英语表达能力的作文题目类见不鲜，因此掌握一些常见的应用文表达句型很有必要。

1 回信常用开头语：

I am pleased/glad/delighted/happy/ that ...

2 感谢信开头 ：

I am really grategul for you.Please accept my thanks for your help.

Thank you so much for ...

3 介绍信开头：

I have the honor to introuce___to you.

It is with great pleasure that I introduce___to you.

4 推荐信开头：

It gives me great pleasure to recommend__to you.

推荐信结尾：

If you could give him that opportunity,I would be very grateful to you.And I would believe this gratitude is no less and he will work as hard as possible to reward you.

5 求助信开头：

I am sorry that I have to ask a favor of you ,with the hope that you will be good enough to help me?

6 申请信开头：

I am seeking an opportunity to...

申请信结尾：

I should be very grateful to you if you...

7 请假条开头：

I beg to apply for oane week's leave of absence from the 1st to 7th instant in order to return home to ...

请假条结尾：

I will apppreciate you for your permission, your kindness and care will encourage me to study harder than before. Thank youn again!

8 欢迎辞：

Today,we feel very honored to stay with ....;First of all, let me ,on behalf of all present students ,extend our warm welcome and cordinal greetings to our distinguished gue let___to give us a lecture.

9 欢送词：

How time flies! It was here that we gave___a hearty welcome two years ago. we are now here again to have to say good-bye to him.

10 投诉信开头：

I am writing to complain about the poor service at your___\quality of your

I am not satisfied with your...

投诉信结尾：

I expect to hear from you very soon,please give this matter your immediate attention.

We expect to receive your reply shortly.

Thank you for your attention to this ma;m looking forward to your response.

高三英语作文的复习，我们穷尽不了所有的作文题目，但我们应力争达到举一反三，触类旁通的效果。但愿上述高考作文类型的归纳和句型的储备对于广大的高三备战学子有所启发。更希望大家能够在复习时多总结多反思多实践。只有这样，自己的书面表达能力才会有所提高，考试中也才会得心应手，一气呵成。