【全球化英语满分作文高中】英语美文鉴赏全球化(包括音频阅读)

全球化(Globalization)

全球化

what exactly does globalization mean？concepts related to Globalization include international ization、' multi domestic marketing '、and ' multinational or transnational being ' culturally sensitive ' in global markets is being able to sell one ' s product with enough ingenuity to avoid possible pitfalls arrs

全球化意味着什么？与全球化有关的概念包括"国际化"、"跨国国内营销"、"跨国或跨国营销"。这意味着全球化的基本标准是跨境交易。在营销和战略管理文献中，全球化的概念是根据特定地区的比较优势，确立不同地区生产的不同阶段，从而获得竞争优势的手段。这个概念只强调全球化的经济方面，社会、文化和政治因素只在获得经济优势的背景下考虑。因此，全球市场上的“文化敏感性”意味着卖家必须尽量避免因不了解当地风俗习惯而可能出现的陷阱，创造性地销售自己的产品。国际营销教科书对这种文化陷阱作了非常详细的说明，但全球化的文化进程总是受到经济的制约。

broader conceptual ization s of globalization can be found in other disciplines such as sociplines and anthropology . waters defined globalization conceleration.this conceptual ization with its much broader scope，allows for the examination of a number of consequences of globalization

对全球化更广义的概念可以在社会学和人类学等其他学科中看到。沃特斯将全球化定义为“社会进程”，在这个过程中，社会和文化所反映的地域限制减少了，在这个过程中，人们越来越认识到这种限制正在减少。这个具有更广泛意义的概念，在考察全球化的后果时，不仅包括经济，还包括社会、文化和政治

方面的后果。

While there are a few different conceptualizations of globalization, researchers seem to be in agreement that there are at least three dimensions of globalization: economic, political and cultural. The economic aspects of globalization stem from the spread of the capitalist world economy and the resulting expansion of geographical boundaries for the production and consumption of goods and services. The need for cheap raw materials, cheap labor and new markets saw the expansion of the capitalist world economy from one that was primarily Eurocentric to one that encompassed the entire world. This process was achieved by various means and often involved overcoming political resistances (frequently through military means) in the new "markets". The political aspects of globalization involved establishing control over markets and raw materials through either the use of direct military power or the establishment of international institutions (through diplomacy) that control such markets. The rise of the nation state is an example of the political aspect of globalization, although it is argued that advances in telecommunications and information systems and the resulting constructions of institutions that transcend territorial boundaries are making the nation state obsolete.

尽管全球化有不同的概念，但研究者们似乎一致认为全球 化至少有三个层面：经济的，政治和文化的。经济全球化方面起 源于资本主义世界经济的扩张以及由此产生了为扩大产品和服 务的生产及消费而了出现的地理边界的扩张。对廉价原材料、 劳动力和新市场的需要，使得资本主义世界经济从主要以欧洲 为中心进而囊括了整个世界。这一全球化进程是通过各种手段 来实现的，其中包括克服来自新“市场”的政治对抗（通常通过 军事手段）。政治全球化方面包括通过直接动用军事力量或者 (通过外交）建立能控制这些市场的国际机构，来达到对市场和 原材料的控制。民族国家的兴起就是政治全球化方面的一个例 证，尽管也有人认为，电讯及信息系统的进步以及由此建立的超

越领土边界的机构正在使得民族国家过时了。

If the economic and political aspects of globalization involve material and power exchanges, the cultural of globalization involves the expression of symbols that represent facts, meanings, beliefs, preferences, tastes and values. In fact, these symbolic exchanges are increasingly displacing economic and political exchanges in the spread of global mass culture. Traditional barriers of language pose no problems to modern means of cultural production such as satellite television and film. However, the new "global culture", despite its manifestations through consumption of global products and symbols in different parts of the globe, is essentially the culture of domimant groups centered in the West.

如果说全球化的经济和政治方面涉及物质和权力的交换， 全球化的文化方面则指那些代表者事实、意义、信仰、喜好、趣味 及价值取向的一系列象征意义的表达。事实上，在全球大众文 化的传播中，这些象征意义的交流正日益取代经济和政治方面 的交流。传统的语言障碍对诸如卫星电视、电影等现代手段的 文化产品并不构成任何问题。然而，新的“全球文化”，尽管它 以消费全球产品和在不同地区的象征意义表现出来，其本质仍 然是以西方为中心的大国集团的文化。

Thus it is important to realize that despite its "worldwide" connotation, globalization is essentially a Western notion inextricably linked economic development. It is a Western world view which in economic terms defines the world as a market that can be exploited to generate wealth.

因此,重要的是要认识到尽管有着“世界范围”的含义,但 全球化本质上仍然是一个和经济发展必然联系在一起的西方观 念，是一种西方世界观，这种世界观用经济学术语，把世界定义 为一个可以开发以便产生财富的市场。