关系代词有who、whom、whose、that、which等。关系代词有主格、宾格和属格之分,并有指人与指物之分。
关系代词及例句
关系代词(that,who,whom,whose,which)所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。
例1.Is he the man who/that wants to see you?(who/that在从句中作主语,指人)
例2.He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.(whom/that在从句中作宾语,指人)
例3.They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.(whose在句中作定语,指人)
例4.Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.(whose在句中作定语,指物。若指物,它还可以同of which互换)
例5.The package (which/that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.你拿的包快散了。(which/that在句中作carry的宾语,指物)
关系代词基本用法
1.引导定语从句
关系代词代表先行词,同时在从句中作一定的句子成分,如:
The girl whom I spoke to is my cousin.
跟我讲话的女孩是我表妹。
(该句中whom既代表先行词the girl,又在从句中作介词to的宾语。)
This is the pencil whose point is broken.
这就是那个折了尖的铅笔。(whose 指物,在限定性定语从句中作定语)
He came back for the book that he had forgotten.
他回来拿他忘记了的那本书。(that指物,在限定性定语从句中作宾语,可以省略)
2.先行词which
如:He said he saw me there, which was a lie.
他说在那儿看到了我,纯属谎言。
3.其他用法
关系代词that在从句中作宾语或表语时可省略,如:
I"ve forgotten much of the Latin I once knew.
我已经忘了很多曾经学过的拉丁语。
He"s changed.He"s not the man he was.
他变化很大,已不是过去的他了。
注释:关系代词在从句中作宾语时可省略,that在从句中作表语时也可省略。
非限定性定语从句中,不能用that作关系代词。
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