代词英语 英语代词的所有用法

题目：

英语代词的所有用法

解答：

关系代词who,whom,whose,that,which的用法(1) 关系代词who,whom,whose,that,which的用法　　英语中的关系代词有who,whom,whose,that,which,它们是用来引导定语从句的.关系代词既代表定语从句所修饰的词,又在其所引导的从句中承担一个成分,如主语、宾语、表语或定语.如：This is the man who saved your son.这就是救了你儿子的那个人.（who在从句中作主语,先行词是man）The man whom I met yesterday is Jim．我昨天见到的那个人是吉姆.（whom在从句中作宾语,它的先行词是man）A child whose parents are dead is an orphan.失去父母的孩子是孤儿.（whose在从句中作定语,它的先行词是child）He wants a room whose window looks out over the sea.他想要个窗户面临大海的房间.（whose在从句中作定语,它的先行词是room）[1] who,whom和whose　　who和whom代表人,在从句中作主语时用who,作宾语时用whom,可省略.但若whom作介词宾语且介词放在其前时,不能省略；如介词位于句末时,可以省略.whose代表某人的,在从句中作定语.如：The man who insists upon seeing with perfect clearness before he decides,never decides.坚持看清楚一切后才做决定的人永远也做不了决定.（who作主语）He is a man whom everybody respects.他是一个人人都尊敬的人.（whom作宾语,可以省略）He is a man fromwhom we all should learn.他是我们大家都应该学习的人.（whom作介词宾语且介词位于其前,不能省略）（此句也可以是：He is a man (whom) we should all learn from.）The people whose houses were damaged will be compensated.房子被损坏了的人将给予补偿.Who,whom和whose可用于非限制性定语从句中,代表某人或某人的,此时不能用that.如：My sister,who is a nurse,came home for a few days.我姐姐回家住了几天,她是个护士.[2] which　　which代表物,在从句中可作主语或宾语,作宾语时可以省略,但作介词宾语且介词位于其前时不能省略.如：The book which helps you most are those which make you think most.最能使你获益的书是那些最能让你深思的书.（作主语）This is a factor which we must not neglect.这是一个我们绝不能忽略的因素.（作宾语,可省略）Where is the book from which you quoted this sentence?你引用这句话的那本书在哪儿?（作介词宾语且介词位于其前时,不能省略）　　which可用于非限制性定语从句中,代表物.如：The book,which I bought second-hand,is made of oak.我买的这张书桌是用橡木做的,它是二手货.[3] that　　that可以代表事也可代表人,在从句中可以作主语或宾语,作宾语时可省略,但不能用于非限制性定语从句中.代表人时who比that用的多些,代表物时that比which用的多些.如：The letter that came this morning is from my mother.今天早晨收到的那封信是我母亲寄来的.（that代表物,在从句中作主语）Those students that failed the exam will have to take it again.考试不及格的学生必须补考.（that代表人,在从句中作主语）Have you forgotten about the money (that) I lent you last week?你忘了上星期我借给你钱的事了吗?（that代表物,在从句中作宾语,可省略）All the people (that) I invited have agreed to come.所有我邀请了的人都同意来.（that代表人,在从句中作宾语,可省略）The hotel (that) we stayed at was both cheap and comfortable.我们住的那家旅馆既便宜又舒服.（that代表物,在从句中作介词宾语,可省略）(2) 补充说明　　下列情况下,定语从句的关系代词只能用that,不能用which或who[1] 当先行词中有形容词的最高级时.如：Shakespeare is the greatest poet that English has ever had.莎士比亚是英国所拥有的最伟大的诗人.Is this the best that you can do?你最多只能做到这样吗?[2] 当先行词为代词all,anything,everything,little,much,nobody,nothing时.如：Anyone that wants to succeed must work hard． 任何想要获得成功的人必须努力工作.[3] 当先行词中有含有any,every,no,only,the first,the last,the same时.如：You are the only person that can help me.你是唯一能帮助我的人.Take the first chance that offers.抓住出现的第一个机会.(3) 没有先行词的关系代词　　如果关系代词引导的从句不是作定语修饰先行词而是充当句子成分,这种关系代词就没有先行词,它只起连接作用.这种关系代词有：what,whatever,whoever,whichever,wherever等.如：What woke me up was a splashing noise.把我吵醒的是一阵溅水的声音.（what从句作主语）I don"t know what good they could have done.我不知道他们能起什么好作用.（what从句作宾语）Whoever breaks the law is punished in the end.违法者终将被惩罚.（whoever引导的从句作主语）