语法讲义 2017英语四级语法讲义

　　有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词+介词”，“动词+副词”等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。以下是小编为大家搜索整理了2017英语四级语法讲义，希望能给大家带来帮助!更多精彩内容请及时关注我们应届毕业生考试网!

　　【例如】

　　The meeting is to be put off till Friday. Women were looked down upon in the past in China. The out of date teaching method must be done away with. Don't worry, everything will be attended to in good time. The poor child was laughed at by his classmates because he failed his exams. The children are taken good care of by the teacher.

　　这类可用被动语态的“动词+介词/副词”词组还有：depend on, make use of, bring about, put forward, send for, talk about, bring up, put on, think over, call off等。

　　“be+过去分词”这个结构并不都是被动语态，也可能是系表结构。被动语态与系表结构主要区别是：被动结构表示一个动作，而系表结构表示主语的特点或所处的状态，试比较下面的句子：

　　被动结构

　　The enemy was soon surrounded by us.

　　系表结构

　　The house is surrounded by trees.

　　被动结构

　　She was bitten by the dog in the darkness.

　　系表结构

　　I was excited by the news that my husband got promoted.非谓语动词的各种形式也有被动语态，一般常用的是一般体和完成体的被动语态，如下表：

　　非谓语动词

　　被动语态形式

　　一般

　　不定式

　　to be done

　　动名词

　　being done

　　现在分词

　　being done

　　完成

　　不定式

　　to have been done

　　动名词

　　having been done

　　现在分词

　　having been done

　　例如:

　　It is a great honor for him to have been elected a model worker. (不定式完成体的被动语态)This new teaching method has the advantage ofshavingsbeen tried a number of times by experienced teachers. (动名词完成体的被动语态)