【宠物蜘蛛】令人恐惧又着迷的另类宠物——蜘蛛

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当我在你背后大喊“有蜘蛛！”，你是否会虎躯一震？其实在它们可怖的外表下也有吸引人的一面。今天小编为大家介绍“令人恐惧又着迷的另类宠物——蜘蛛“。赶快阅读本文，也许你也想养一只！

⚡ 多图预警！建议连接WIFI阅读！⚡

蜘蛛恐惧症人群请谨慎观看！

前言：‍

随着生活水平的提高，人们越来越希望能有一只宠物陪伴自己，打发闲暇时光。不过这个宠物可不一定只是温顺可爱的猫狗，也许是你难以想象的异类——爬宠。无论是蜘蛛、蝎子，还是蜥蜴、蜈蚣，甚至蛇，都能成为爬虫玩家的最爱。你也许无法理解为什么如此可怕的东西还有人喜欢，但万物皆是矛盾的，越是恐怖的事物越有其充满魅力之处。

蜘蛛可爱和充满魅力的地方在哪里呢？呆萌的眼睛和愚钝的步伐没有戳中你的萌点吗？

注：进入保育期的蜘蛛禁止私人饲养，编者亦不将其写入本文。

一、简单了解蜘蛛‍

蜘蛛是陆地生态系统中最丰富的捕食性天敌，体长1～90毫米，身体分头胸部（前体）和腹部（后体）两部分，头胸部覆以背甲和胸板。头胸部有附肢两对，第一对为螯肢，有螯牙、螯牙尖端有毒腺开口；直腭亚目的螯肢前后活动，钳腭亚目者侧向运动及相向运动；第二对为须肢，在雌蛛和未成熟的雄蛛呈步足状，用以夹持食物及作感觉器官；但在雄性成蛛须肢末节膨大，变为传送精子的交接器。

据文献记载，全世界的蜘蛛已知有3821属42055种（2010年），中国记载约3800种，分属于67个科。蜘蛛纲共有14个目，已有5个目绝灭了种群，我国已发现7个目。

二、捕鸟蛛推荐‍

捕鸟蛛属于较原始之蜘蛛，其全身密生细毛。南美洲及北美洲的一些捕鸟蛛身上某些地方具一种刺激性的蛰毛，遇到老鼠等天敌便用后脚扫散这种自然的致痒粉。敌人的反应就像工人铺设织维玻璃毛毡后，全身会发痒。所以可使用这种护身方式，却未必有亚洲等地捕鸟蛛那么会咬。

（1）巴西巨人金直间

最为经典和标志性的宠物捕鸟蛛种类之一。温顺的性格，加上一个迷人的外表，始终是宠物捕鸟蛛市场中最受欢迎的种类之一。金直间上手较为容易，价格也较便宜。最大足展22cm，属于较大个体。

成长速度：★★☆

攻击性：★

互动性：★★★

饲养难度：★★

售价：

¥18-24（2cm幼体）；

¥70-85（5-6cm）

¥140-160（7-8cm）

¥260-290（8-10cm）

¥340-370（10-12cm）

大于¥500（12cm以上）

巴西巨人金直间

（2）智利红玫瑰/火玫瑰

红玫瑰蜘蛛原产于智利的荒漠中。它浑身布满暗红色的绒毛，对环境要求不高，适应力很强，性情温顺，饲喂简单，特别适合初养者，而且价格便宜能被接受，连名字都很吸引人，是养虫市场最受欢迎的宠物蜘蛛。成体头胸部总长约7-8cm，全长约10-15cm。它浑身布满暗红色的绒毛，属于洞穴蜘蛛的一种。它浑身布满暗红色的绒毛，尤其是头胸部上方，呈现暗紫红色。毒性很低，红玫瑰毛蜘蛛在大多情况下非常温顺，可上手。但也不排除会有意外发生。

两者之间基本无区别，但火玫瑰比红玫瑰更红更大，其价格也稍微高一些。

成长速度：★☆

攻击性：★

互动性：★★★★

饲养难度：★☆

售价：

¥42-48（1-1.5cm幼体）

¥120-130（3-4cm）

¥350-370（6-7cm）

¥580-610（8-10cm）

大于¥1000（13cm以上）

注：在购买幼体时某些不良商家会拿金直间幼体充数，请擦亮双眼。

智利红玫瑰

（3）巴西所罗门

该属最常见的种类之一，当前大陆也有不少。很不理解将它翻译成“所罗门食鸟”，估计是根据英文名“Salmon”直接音译了。但是其实英文名为“Brazilian Salmon Pink Tarantula”，翻译为“巴西桂鱼粉红捕鸟蛛”。因为它们就是棕黑色的，覆盖着粉红色的毛。饲养方法参照巴西火红食鸟、巴伊亚猩红食鸟。生长迅速，寿命很长，价格便宜。

成长速度：★★★★

攻击性：★★☆

互动性：★★☆

饲养难度：★★

售价：

¥10-14（1-1.5cm幼体）

¥40-60（5-6cm）

¥75-85（7-8cm）

¥100-115（8-9m）

¥230-245（12cm左右）

巴西所罗门

（4）巴西黑丝绒

巴西黑丝绒是一种生长缓慢的种类，从幼体达到成体需要4-6年的时间，所幸的是它们的幼体相当的大，所以是相当好养的。它们的寿命也是相当的长，雌性巴西黑拥有20-25年的寿命。值得注意的是巴西黑喜欢较为干燥的垫材，饲养时可以使用一半垫材为湿润的椰土，另一半为干燥的椰土，这样既能保证拥有足够的湿度，也不会因为过于潮湿而导致蜘蛛患病。

这种蜘蛛非常漂亮，但价格也较为昂贵。

成长速度：★☆

攻击性：★★

互动性：★★★

饲养难度：★★☆

售价：

¥280-290（3-3.5cm未分辨公母）

¥590-640（5-6cm）

巴西黑丝绒

（5）非洲橙巴布

大陆常见的种类，它们一共有四个颜色变种----红色变种，原色种，暗色变种，还有一种Usambara山变种。目前大陆最常见的是红色变种，红色变种通常被叫做“烈阳巴布”。“Usambara山变种”和“原色种”通常被叫做“橙巴布/非洲金巴布”，而暗色变种不太常见。橙巴布属于生长迅速的种类，母橙巴布寿命可达8-10年以上，公橙巴布成体后亦能活1-2年。

橙巴布攻击性极强，生长速度也快，且可以“裸养”（不放垫材），价格也非常便宜。

成长速度：★★★★☆

攻击性：★★★★★

互动性：★★

饲养难度：★★☆

售价：

¥8-11（1-1.5cm幼体）

¥14-18（2cm幼体）

¥25-32（3cm未分辨公母）

¥72-82（6cm左右）

¥190-210（12-13cm）

注：此品种有剧毒，极不推荐新手饲养，且不要将其上手。饲养时用长镊子喂食，盖子注意盖好，注意安全！

非洲橙巴布

（6）油彩粉红趾

油彩粉红趾又叫马提尼克粉红趾，是非常著名和高人气的宠物捕鸟蛛种类之一，也是整个caribena属最具代表性的种类之一。不管是幼体还是成体，它们都像是一件美丽的艺术品。但同时这种蜘蛛比较脆弱，比较容易因为温度和湿度问题突然暴毙，被爬友称为”暴毙王“。

成长速度：★★★

攻击性：★★☆

互动性：★★☆

饲养难度：★★★★☆

售价：

¥120-135（3cm未分辨公母）

¥255-270（4cm未分辨公母）

¥350-370（5-6cm未分辨公母）

¥1000左右（8-9cm未分辨公母）

¥1500左右（10-12cm未分辨公母）

注：务必注意时刻监控温度和湿度。

油彩粉红趾

三、跳蛛推荐‍

跳蛛，Salticidae，蜘蛛目的一科，通称跳蛛。体长多数不超过15毫米。体多短粗而稍扁平，步足粗短强壮，善蹦跳，因而得名。跳蛛科是蜘蛛目中最大的科，全球约有3000种。分布于世界各地，在热带和亚热带种类较多。分布在中国南方的种类和数量都多于北方。跳蛛科8新种，提供了详细的描述。模式标本现保存在中国科学院动物研究所。

其实跳蛛的智商非常高，在一项实验中，研究人员还发现跳蛛有时会对某些自然视频和人类“念念不忘”。合著作者伊丽莎白-雅克布说：“许多蜘蛛物种，例如：黑寡妇或者隐居褐蛛，都会避开人们，而跳蛛则表现出无所畏惧。

（1）佛罗里达跳蛛

佛罗里达跳蛛长2.5厘米左右，在佛罗里达很常见。巨大的体形可能给了它一定优势，使其敢于捕食类似古巴树蛙这样的动物。

攻击性：★★

互动性：★★★

饲养难度：★★★

售价：（注：L表示蜕皮次数，3L代表已蜕皮3次）

¥32-38（3-4L灰白佛幼体）

¥50-60（5-6L灰白佛幼体）

¥190-205（1cm灰白佛）

¥280-300（2cm灰白佛）

¥70-80（3-4L黑佛幼体）

¥340-355（1cm黑佛）

¥50-60（4-5L橙佛）

¥185-195（7L橙佛）

灰佛

橙佛

（2）安德逊跳蛛

新蛛亚目 蝇虎科 安德逊蝇虎（跳蛛）Hasarius adansoni 雌性体长约10mm，雄性体长6~8mm左右，足展均在10mm以上，雄性较雌性小，白斑明显，为常见家养跳蛛，深受跳蛛友们的喜爱。

攻击性：★★

互动性：★★★

饲养难度：★★

售价：（家里常见，自己抓也可）

¥10（1cm左右未分辨公母）

安德逊跳蛛

四、注意事项‍‍

Q：哪些蜘蛛没毒？

A：只要是蜘蛛都有毒，只是毒性大小有所差异。比如红玫瑰的毒性偏弱，橙巴布和海南捕鸟蛛的毒性较强。

Q：哪些蜘蛛不咬人？

A：这个要看蜘蛛的性格，不同种类它们的攻击性不同。但就算是温顺的红玫瑰，你用手去捏他肚子或者用力戳它，它也会跳起来咬你一口。

Q：蜘蛛咬了人怎么办？

A：第一步吸血，把把带有神经毒素的血从伤口洗出来。第二步挤血，把指尖上残留的带有毒素的血液挤出来，顺着手指根部往前推然后把伤口附近残留的毒液带着血挤压出来。第三步清洗，用凉水或冰水先冲洗伤口再浸泡十五分钟到半小时，延缓毒液扩散并且起到阵痛效果。

被毒性较小的蜘蛛咬了大概一星期可以痊愈。被橙巴布这种毒性强的蜘蛛咬了后可能会出现癫痫和局部抽搐症状，请及时就医。

Q：跳蛛咬人不？

A：逼急了也会，但是体长偏小的跳蛛几乎咬不穿你的皮肤，而且它们本身毒性也不强，所以不用担心。但是被咬了同样需要做以上应急处理。

Q：是不是有的蜘蛛不能养？

A：对，养了被发现就蹲大牢了。禁止饲养的蜘蛛上面有图陈列出来了的。

Q：蜘蛛可以群养不？

A：除梦幻蜘蛛外基本上不建议群养，因为它们会同类相食。

Q：养蜘蛛该注意什么？

A：本文因为篇幅原因不详细罗列，请前往百度贴吧看爬友怎么喂的，每个蜘蛛都有适合自身的温度、湿度以及垫材。

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本期的分享就到这里，如果您对今天的文章有独特的想法，欢迎给我们留言，让我们相约明天，祝您今天过得开心快乐！

本文由LearningYard学苑原创，仅代表作者个人观点，如有侵权请联系删除。

翻译参考来源：谷歌翻译。

部分内容参考来源：百度百科、百度“蜘蛛吧”和“跳蛛吧”。

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英文翻译
Share interest, spread happiness, increase knowledge, and stay beautiful! Dear you, this is LearningYard Academy.

When I yell "There are spiders!" behind you, will you be shocked? In fact, there is an attractive side under their terrifying appearance. Today, I will introduce to you "the scary and fascinating alternative pet-spider". Read this article quickly, maybe you want to raise one too!

With the improvement of living standards, people increasingly hope to have a pet to accompany them and spend their free time. But this pet is not necessarily just a docile and cute cat or dog, it may be a strange species you can't imagine-a crawling pet. Whether it is spiders, scorpions, lizards, centipedes, or even snakes, they can all become the favorites of reptile players. You may not understand why people like such terrible things, but everything is contradictory. The more terrifying things, the more attractive they are.

Where are the cute and charming spiders? Didn't your cute eyes and dull steps poke your cute spots?

Note: Spiders entering the conservation period are not allowed to be kept privately, and the editor will not write them into this article.

Spiders are the most abundant predatory natural enemies in terrestrial ecosystems, with a body length of 1 to 90 millimeters. The body is divided into two parts, the cephalothorax (front body) and the abdomen (rear body). The cephalothorax is covered with a carapace and a chest plate. There are two pairs of appendages on the cephalothorax. The first pair is chelate, with chelate teeth and venom gland openings at the tip of the chelate teeth; the chelate limbs of the straight palatine suborder move back and forth, and the jaws move sideways and towards each other; the second pair It is a beard, which is in the shape of a foot in the female and immature male spiders, which is used to hold food and serve as a sensory organ; but in the male adult spider, the end of the beard limb is enlarged and becomes a transfer device for transferring sperm.

According to the literature, there are 3,821 genera and 42055 species of spiders in the world (2010), and has recorded about 3,800 species belonging to 67 families. Arachnid has 14 orders, 5 orders have been extinct, and 7 orders have been discovered in our country.

This article recommends two types of spiders that are more suitable for artificial breeding, namely: Tarantula and Jumping spider.

Note: The selling price is the parent price. Compared with male spiders, female spiders live longer and have larger individuals, but the price is much higher.

Tarantulas are relatively primitive spiders, densely covered with fine hairs. Some Tarantulas in South and North America have irritating sting hairs in certain parts of their bodies. When they encounter natural enemies such as mice, they use their hind feet to scatter this natural itchy powder. The enemy's reaction is like a worker's whole body itching after laying woven glass felt. So you can use this method of body protection, but it may not bite as well as tarantulas in Asia and other places.

One of the most classic and iconic pet tarantula species. A docile personality, coupled with a charming appearance, is always one of the most popular species in the pet tarantula market. Jinzhijian is easier to get started and the price is cheaper. The maximum foot length is 22cm and belongs to a larger individual.

Growth rate: ★★☆

Aggression: ★

Interactivity: ★★★

Feeding difficulty: ★★

Price:

¥18-24 (2cm larvae);

¥70-85 (5-6cm)

¥140-160 (7-8cm)

¥260-290 (8-10cm)

¥340-370 (10-12cm)

More than ¥500 (above 12cm)

The red rose spider is native to the desert of Chile. It is covered with dark red fluff. It does not require high environmental requirements. It has strong adaptability, docile temperament and simple feeding. It is especially suitable for newbies, and it is cheap and acceptable. Even the name is very attractive. The most popular pet spider in the market. The total length of the adult head and chest is about 7-8cm, and the total length is about 10-15cm. It is covered with dark red fluff, which is a kind of cave spider. It is covered with dark red fluff, especially the upper part of the head and chest, showing dark purple red. Very low toxicity, the red rose hair spider is very docile in most cases and can be used. But it does not rule out accidents.

There is basically no difference between the two, but the fire rose is redder and bigger than the red rose, and its price is slightly higher.

Growth rate: ★☆

Aggression: ★

Interactivity: ★★★★

Feeding difficulty: ★☆

Price:

¥42-48 larvae)

¥120-130 (3-4cm)

¥350-370 (6-7cm)

¥580-610 (8-10cm)

More than ¥1000 (above 13cm)

Note: When buying larvae, some unscrupulous merchants will charge the number of larvae, please keep your eyes open.

This genus is one of the most common species, and there are many in mainland. I don't understand the translation of it into "Solomon bird-eating", it is estimated that it is directly transliterated according to the English name "Salmon". But in fact, the English name is "Brazilian Salmon Pink Tarantula", which translates to "Brazilian Salmon Pink Tarantula". Because they are brown-black, covered with pink hair. The breeding method refers to the Brazilian Flaming Bird and the Bahia Scarlet Bird. It grows quickly, has a long lifespan, and is cheap.

Growth rate: ★★★★

Aggression: ★★☆

Interactivity: ★★☆

Feeding difficulty: ★★

Price:

¥10-14 larvae)

¥40-60 (5-6cm)

¥75-85 (7-8cm)

¥100-115 (8-9m)

¥230-245 (about 12cm)

Brazilian black velvet is a slow-growing species. It takes 4-6 years to reach adulthood from larvae. Fortunately, their larvae are quite large, so they are very easy to raise. Their lifespan is also quite long, female Brazil black has a lifespan of 20-25 years. It is worth noting that Brazilian black prefers a relatively dry mat material. When breeding, you can use half of the mat material as moist coconut soil, and the other half as dry coconut soil, so as to ensure sufficient humidity and not cause excessive humidity. Cause the spider to get sick.

This spider is very beautiful, but the price is also relatively expensive.

Growth rate: ★☆

Aggression: ★★

Interactivity: ★★★

Feeding difficulty: ★★☆

Price:

¥280-290 unrecognized male and female)

¥590-640 (5-6cm)

Common species in the mainland, they have four color variants-red variant, primary color variant, dark variant, and a variant of Usambara mountain. At present, the most common type in mainland is the red variant, which is usually called "Lieyang Babu". "Usambara Mountain Variety" and "Primary Color Species" are usually called "Orange Babu/African Kim Babu", while dark color varieties are less common. Orange bab is a fast-growing species. The female orange bab can live for more than 8-10 years, and the male can live for 1-2 years after adulthood.

Orange Babu is very aggressive, grows fast, and can be "naked" (without mat), and the price is very cheap.

Growth rate: ★★★★☆

Aggression: ★★★★★

Interactivity: ★★

Feeding difficulty: ★★☆

Price:

¥8-11 larvae)

¥14-18 (2cm larvae)

¥25-32 (3cm unidentified male and female)

¥72-82 (about 6cm)

¥190-210 (12-13cm)

Note: This species is highly toxic, it is highly recommended for novices to raise, and do not use it. When feeding, use long tweezers to feed, and the lid should be covered and safe!

Painted pink toe, also called Martinique pink toe, is one of the most famous and popular pet bird spider species, and one of the most representative species of the entire caribena genus. Whether they are juveniles or adults, they are like a beautiful work of art. But at the same time, this kind of spider is relatively fragile, and it is easier to suddenly die suddenly due to temperature and humidity problems.

Growth rate: ★★★

Aggression: ★★☆

Interactivity: ★★☆

Feeding difficulty: ★★★★☆

Price:

¥120-135 (3cm unidentified male and female)

¥255-270 (4cm unidentified male and female)

¥350-370 (5-6cm unidentified male and female)

Around ¥1000 (8-9cm unidentified male and female)

Around ¥1500 (10-12cm unidentified male and female)

Note: Be sure to monitor the temperature and humidity at all times.

Jumping spiders, Salticidae, a family of spiders, commonly known as jumping spiders. Most of the body length does not exceed 15 mm. The body is short, thick and slightly flat, with stubby feet and strong, good jumping, hence the name. Arachnididae is the largest family in the order Arachnid, with about 3000 species in the world. Distributed all over the world, there are more species in tropical and subtropical. There are more types and numbers in southern than in northern . A detailed description of 8 new species of Arachnididae is provided. The type specimen is now preserved in the Institute of Zoology, Academy of Sciences.

In fact, jumping spiders have a very high IQ. In an experiment, researchers also found that jumping spiders sometimes "remember" certain natural videos and humans. Co-author Elizabeth Jacobs said: "Many spider species, such as black widows or reclusive brown spiders, avoid people, and jumping spiders show fearlessness.

Florida jumping spiders are about 2.5 cm long and are common in Florida. The huge size may give it a certain advantage, making it daring to prey on animals like the Cuban tree frog.

Aggression: ★★

Interactivity: ★★★

Feeding difficulty: ★★★

Price: (Note: L represents the number of molting times, 3L represents 3 times of molting)

¥32-38 (3-4L gray Buddha larvae)

¥50-60 (5-6L gray-white Buddha larvae)

¥190-205 (1cm gray and white Buddha)

¥280-300 (2cm gray and white Buddha)

¥70-80 (3-4L black Buddha larvae)

¥340-355 (1cm black Buddha)

¥50-60 (4-5L orange Buddha)

¥185-195 (7L Orange Buddha)

The new spider suborder Myriadidae Anderson fly tiger (jumping spider) Hasarius adansoni The female body length is about 10mm, the male body length is about 6-8mm, and the foot span is more than 10mm. The male is smaller than the female and has obvious white spots. It is a common domestic Jumping spiders are deeply loved by jumping spider friends.

Aggression: ★★

Interactivity: ★★★

Feeding difficulty: ★★

Price: (common at home, you can grab it yourself)

¥10 (Male and female are not distinguished about 1cm)

Q: Which spiders are not poisonous?

A: As long as the spiders are poisonous, the size of the poison varies. For example, the toxicity of red rose is weak, and the toxicity of orange babble and Hainan Tarantula are stronger.

Q: Which spiders do not bite?

A: This depends on the personality of the spider. Different types have different aggressiveness. But even if it is a gentle red rose, if you pinch his stomach or poke it hard, it will jump up and bite you.

Q: What if the spider bites someone?

A: The first step is to suck blood and wash the blood with neurotoxin from the wound. The second step is to squeeze the blood, squeeze out the toxin-bearing blood remaining on the fingertips, push forward along the root of the finger, and then squeeze out the venom remaining near the wound with the blood. The third step is to wash, rinse the wound with cold or ice water and soak for 15 minutes to half an hour to delay the spread of the venom and have a painful effect.

After being bitten by a less venomous spider, it can heal in about a week. Epilepsy and local convulsions may occur after being bitten by a poisonous spider such as orange babbu, please seek medical attention in time.

Q: Does jumping spider bite people?

A: If you are in a hurry, but jumping spiders with small body length can hardly bite your skin, and they are not very toxic, so don't worry. But if you are bitten, you also need to do the above emergency treatment.

Q: Are there some spiders that cannot be raised?

A: Yes, after raising and being found, you will go to jail. There are pictures on the forbidden spiders.

Q: Can spiders be kept in groups?

A: Except for fantasy spiders, group breeding is basically not recommended, because they can eat cannibalism.

Q: What should I pay attention to when raising spiders?

A: This article does not list it in detail due to space reasons. Please go to Baidu Post Bar to see how crawlers feed. Each spider has its own temperature, humidity, and mat material.

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This article was originally created by LearningYard Academy and only represents the author's personal views. If there is any infringement, please contact to delete it.

Translation reference source: Google Translate.

Part of the content reference source: Baidu Baike, Baidu "Spider Bar" and "Jumping Spider Bar".