啊,DNA是一种神奇的物质。
为了验证亲缘关系,人类发明了DNA检测。
抓捕罪犯,需要DNA证据,找回丢失儿童,也会用到DNA。
有了它,能帮万千家人团聚。
前段时间,听NPR的一个播客讲了很奇葩的故事,美国有几个女性,要想从一家医院的精子库中,获取精子怀孕。
结果,一位医生利用自己的职权,将精子库中的精子替换成了自己的。
最终,通过DNA检测,发现这些女性的孩子都出自同一个人,就是那位医生。
除此之外,DNA检测,还能帮助人们提前预防某些遗传疾病。
那么,DNA检测到底是怎么做到呢?
通过PCR (聚合酶链反应),对样本(如血液,毛发,皮肤细胞或者身体上的某种物质)进行检测,然后与基因库中已存在的DNA数据进行对比。
当然,DNA并不是100% 准确,但也能保证99%以上的准确率。所以基本上是准备无误的。
但是,你听过给狗做DNA检测的吗?狗做DNA能够帮助狗狗们找到自己的亲缘关系吗?
今天我们一起来读读这篇文章,标题有点不雅观呢。
学习词汇
宠物遗传检测-狗狗DNA检测越来越流行,给人的惊喜越来越多。
阅读本文,你会学到以下表达方式:
流浪狗,法国斗牛犬,
杂交品种,保持血统纯洁,
遗传标记。
01
一只狗的血缘竟如此复杂
Carnegie Violet Dog-Fuller lives a happy life in Hollywood. She enjoys munching ice cubes and listening to Snoop Dogg. Life was not always so easy. Found as an injured stray in Santa Monica, she spent time in a rescue centre before being adopted by Gregg and Lindsay Fuller last year.
Carnegie Violet Dog-Fuller 是一只在好莱坞幸福生活的狗狗。它喜欢嚼冰块,听史努比狗狗的音频。
但以前它的生活却不尽如人意。受伤,无家可归的它一直住在圣莫妮卡的救助站里,直到去年Gregg 和Lindsay Fuller夫妻俩收养了它。
◆stray n 走失(流浪)的动物
《一条狗的使命》台词
They reckoned she was a French Bulldog mix. But a DNA test revealed her to be more American Staffordshire Terrier (39%) than French Bulldog (24%), with significant Pomeranian genes (16%). “We were shocked,” admits Mr Fuller.
Fuller夫妻俩猜想它是一个法国斗牛犬的杂交品种。但DNA检测却显示,这只狗的血缘却比较复杂:39%的美国斯塔福德狗, 24%的法国斗牛犬和16%的博美犬基因。
夫妻俩被震惊到了!
◆French bulldog 法国斗牛犬
◆mix 杂交品种
02
保持狗种血统纯正的历史
Genealogy was once the preserve of elite dogs. Their breeders take a special interest in keeping bloodlines pure, to create new champions and to raise the prices of puppies. Now common mutts are having their pedigrees traced.
宗谱曾经是为了保持狗种精良。他们的饲养者非常注重狗的血统纯正,这样能够帮助他们赢得冠军,并且提高狗的售卖价格。
现在,一般的杂种狗也在进行宗谱追踪。
◆genealogy 宗谱,血统
◆bloodlines 血统,种系
◆pedigree 血统,家谱,纯种的
《权力的游戏》台词
《万物生灵》台词
03
狗狗DNA检测的流行
Wisdom Panel, a firm that tests pet DNA, said on March 3rd that its database had expanded to 3m animals (over 95% of them dogs), up from 1m in 2018.
Wisdom Panel是一家给宠物DNA检测公司,该公司在三月三日称其数据库从2018年的100万已经扩展到了目前的300万只动物DNA(其中95%以上都是狗的)。
Embark Veterinary, a similar firm which has 1m dogs in its database, was valued at $700m in July after a $75m investment.
Embark Veterinary也是一家经营类似业务的公司,其数据库已经存储了100万只狗的DNA。在获得了7500万美元的投资后,其价值在七月份达到了7亿美元。
During the pandemic 23m Americans adopted puppies, according to the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals. Rebecca Chodroff Foran, research director at Wisdom Panel, thinks this trend has collided with another: the growth of human DNA business. Owners “now consider their pets to be key members of the family”, she says.
据美国防范残忍对待动物协会称,疫情期间有2300万美国人收养了狗狗。
Wisdom Panel的研究主任Rebecca Chodroff Foran认为这一趋势与另一个趋势不谋而合:人类DNA检测业务的增长。
她说,狗主人现在会把宠物看做是重要的家庭成员之一。
04
狗狗DNA检测方法与原理
Animal DNA tests work much like human ones. They compare genetic markers with a database of pets with verified pedigrees, revealing canine lineage and potential health problems. Embark claims 99.9% accuracy; Wisdom Panel claims over 98%.
动物DNA检测与人类很像。检测人员会将基因标记物与已证实的宠物血统库进行比对,从而可以得出犬类的血统和潜在的健康问题。
Embark 的检测率达到99.9%,Wisdom Panel能达到98%以上。
◆genetic marker 基因标记
Some owners are horrified to discover that their costly crossbreed is in fact a mix of entirely different breeds. But owners of adopted and rescue dogs, which make up 67% of Wisdom Panel’s database, are keen to learn.
有些狗主人惊讶地发现他们昂贵的杂交狗竟然是完全不同族类混交而成的。
但是,对占据了Wisdom Panel数据库67%的遗弃狗和救援狗来说,他们的主人也十分想知道自己狗的血统。
◆crossbreed 杂交品种
Murray, who lives in New York with his owner Erica Hyman, looks like a Jack Russell but with upright ears. He turned out to be a mix of 23 breeds. “Now I just tell people ‘He’s just a dog!’,” says Ms Hyman.
和自己的主人Erica Hyman住在纽约的狗狗Murray看起来像一只耳朵竖直的杰克罗素梗狗。
但DNA检测显示,它竟然是一只有着23个血统的杂种狗。Hyman无奈的说“现在我对别人讲时,只说这是一条狗”。
05
狗狗DNA检测的重要性
Chico Lopez, who breeds American Pit Bull Terriers, thinks DNA is a decent investment for mutts. He compares them to secondhand cars: “You don’t know if the engine comes from a Toyota, the transmission from a Bugatti and the tyres from a little motorcycle, so you need to…find out what is going to break first.”
Chico Lopez是一个繁殖美国比特犬的人,他认为对杂种狗来说,DNA检测是一笔值得投入的钱。
他将杂种狗比作二手车:“你不知道你的(二手车)发动机来自丰田,变速器来自布加迪,而轮胎来自小摩托车,所以你得搞清楚哪个会先垮掉。”
But those wanting a pureblood, he says, should not rely wholly on DNA, as reputable breeders already have accurate knowledge of a dog’s ancestors.
他继续说,那些想要纯种狗的人不应该完全依赖DNA检测,因为口碑好的狗狗繁殖者早就对狗的祖先了解得一清二楚。
◆pureblood 纯正血统的,纯种的
Owners of adopted dogs like searching for longlost kin. About12% of dogs on Embark’s database discover a sibling, parent or offspring.
那些领养狗的主人很喜欢搜索狗的远亲。在Embark数据库中,有12%的狗能找到自己的兄弟姐妹、父母或后代。
And, as with human DNA testing, there is the possibility of stumbling on a family secret. Some dog owners are now finding that their sweet pooch fathered a litter in another state before absconding. Paw form.
和人类DNA检测一样,检测结果有时会无意间发现家族的秘密。
进行DNA检测后,有些狗的主人发现他那温柔的杂交狗竟然在另一个城市生了一窝小狗,然后抛家弃子。
到处留情啊!
◆ stumble on 无意中发现,偶然发现
《神盾特工局》台词
你养狗吗?你会给狗做DNA检测吗?
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