【longyu】精品推荐—明清瓷器，老田黄

黄釉是汉族传统的陶瓷装饰艺术。最早出现在唐代，当时安徽南水州窑、河南米县窑等都烧了黄釉。

但正色黄釉，还是宋代汝窑的高温黄釉——茶叶末釉。明代的黄釉有新的发展，洪武时的老僧衣即茶叶末的衍化；始于宣德的浇黄，更是明代杰出的黄釉；嘉靖以后，又有鱼子黄、鸡油黄等。入清后有康熙的淡黄，以及其后的菜尾、鼻烟、金酱等。

黄釉创烧于明初景德镇官窑，以弘治朝最为有名，浇黄釉瓷器烧造技术达到历史最高峰，其色泽均匀娇艳，因采用浇釉法施釉，故又称为"浇黄"或"娇黄"。

藏品介绍

中文名称：黄釉刻花龙纹碗

英文名称：Carved dragon bowl with yellow glaze

类别：瓷器

规格：一件

品相：美品

黄釉：瓷器釉色名。传统黄釉有两种：一，以三价铁离子着色的石灰釉，属高温釉；二，以含铁的天然矿物为着色剂，但基础釉是铅釉，属低温黄釉。明、清黄釉都是以铁为着色剂的铁黄，用氧化焰低温烧成，色黄润光滑，釉面晶莹透澈。

这对双圈大明弘治年制六字青花款，青花吃进胎骨，出现晕散，胎底非常的细腻光滑为罕见的糯米胎底，糯米胎质的瓷器硬度高密度强，适合刻花，扣其声悠长悦耳，碗身刻花龙纹，有如龙袍一般美丽。

糯米胎：最早称之为“糯米汁胎”是形象描述胎体的质感，如同糯米经水磨后流出的米浆一般细腻、光滑。后被称为糯米胎，此胎极其细腻，是瓷石经过多次提炼极其细腻后才有的极品瓷胎，这种瓷胎轻扣声音清脆悦耳，胎质紧密，较一般瓷器硬度要高，抗热涨冷缩能力强，很多瓷器经历上百年时间就会自然的干裂，我们成为阴裂现象，与窑裂不同，是后期形成的，而糯米胎瓷器就不会出现这种问题，由于瓷土极其细腻，也不会出现棕眼的现象，是美瓷的重要要素。

明代龙纹：凶猛威武，胸前大多饰有曲折的绶带，身披火焰纹，怒发冲冠，咆哮于海涛祥云之间，以示主宰权势。

具体特征：头部略圆，比前朝显细，鬓发成篷，毛有向上冲或向斜上冲之势。下颚较长，特别是上颚端肌肉发达，高高突起，呈如意状，形如猪嘴，所以人称“猪嘴龙”；睫毛比较写实，眼睑的上边缘一般用数根短竖线表示睫毛；双须粗，伸展有力，形如鱼叉，部分龙纹的双须在局部处呈螺旋形曲折，但须尖成前冲，直而不弯；爪子第一第二趾相对成蟹钳状，趾间距离比较相近，形若风车；身体呈网格纹、锯齿纹较多。

黄釉,低温黄釉,帝王黄,宫廷黄,低温陶瓷颜料.黄釉易分散,着色力强,颜色鲜艳.低温黄釉色彩明快,广泛用于釉上装饰.黄釉颜料信息：化学名称：黄釉(低温黄釉)黄釉英文名称：Yellow黄釉别名：帝王黄，宫廷黄黄釉化学性质/ Chemical Character：Cd-Se-S黄釉外观/Physical Form：黄色粉末/ Yellow Powder。

龙纹祥云，六字青花款端正书写精美，刻花线条精妙绝伦，龙纹呈游走之势，且黄釉为帝王黄，在自然光线下出现漫反射，无任何贼光现象，胎质轻薄，工艺高超，薄如鸡缸杯，综上所述，明清两朝，黄釉龙纹碗均为皇家所用，具有极高的历史研究价值，以及经济收藏价值，可谓是千金易得，一宝难求。

田黄石（Field-yellow stone），简称“田黄”，产于福州市寿山乡寿山溪两旁之水稻田底下，呈黄色而得名。是寿山石品种中的珍品。广义的田黄石指“田坑石”，狭义的田黄石指田坑石中发黄色者。物理性质、工艺美术特征方面，田黄石与寿山石相近，已成为独立的印章石品种。

田黄石是寿山石系中的瑰宝，素有“万石中之王”尊号。其色泽温润可爱，肌理细密，自明清以来就被印人视为“印石之王”。数百年来田黄石极受藏家至爱，正如俗语所说：“黄金易得，田黄难求”。

早在一千多年前，我国已有人开始采集，到了明清两代田黄石更是盛名于世。许多达官显贵，文人雅士竞相刻意收集田黄石。相传清初时期皇帝祭天，神案上都少不了一方上品田黄石。因此，田黄石一直盛名不衰，身价倍增，曾有古话“一两田黄一两金”。

藏品介绍

中文名称：田黄冻狮钮印章

英文名称：Tian Huang frozen lion button seal

类别：杂项

规格：一件

品相：美品

此田黄印章实物更美，可以看到端面的红筋十分明显有如血丝一般美轮美奂，红黄相间，过渡自然，呈现微透明，有如果冻一般，是田黄中的极品田黄冻石，田黄石寓意着‘（石）时来运转’，细看没有任何杂质，磕缺，损毁，败笔之处，是一件十分难得的馆藏级田黄。

身为“印石三宝”之一的田黄石，呈现黄、白、红、黑等色，其中以黄色为最常见。具有珍珠光泽、玻璃光泽、油脂光泽，微透明至半透明，少数透明。硬度2.5，密度2.65-2.90克/厘米3。质地致密、细腻、温润、光洁。尤为引人注目的是其肌里隐约可见萝卜纹状细纹，颜色外浓而向内逐渐变淡，表面时而裹有黄色或灰黑色石皮，间有红色格纹。为田黄石所独有的外观特征，素有“无纹不成田”、“无皮不成田”、“无格不成田”之称。诚然，从其石质来说，仍以纯净为贵。

这件田黄印章篆刻十分规整，侧面可以看到明显的红筋，刀刻刻痕明显，是一件十分开门的老田黄印章。此印章肌理隐现萝卜纹，红格裂纹，和细若游丝的红筋，质地温润，凝腻，细嫩，通灵。器型庄重规整，印台所雕之瑞兽，刀工娴熟，古朴厚重，神威毕现，生动传神，雍容大气，实乃难得之案头珍品。

萝卜纹是田黄石的沁色通道，众所周知，原本是山中矿石的田黄石胚，经过溪水长期的冲刷滚动，磨圆了棱角，淘净了杂质，形成了卵形的田黄石胚胎，然后又被地表的虚土掩埋在溪谷沙石泥土的底层，在周围含铁土壤、水分及温度的浸渍与影响下，对田黄石起了沁色（自然加色）作用。这种漫长而十分特殊的沁色过程，使田黄石的色泽自然瑰丽，而肌理隐现的萝卜纹便是田黄石沁色的通道。或者说没有田黄石的萝卜纹，就不会有田黄石桔皮黄、金黄、桂花黄、熟栗黄，枇杷黄，奶黄等颜色形成的必要条件。

由此篆刻可以看出其高超的雕刻技术，此印章是历史价值，文化价值，材质价值为一体的珍品，品相极好。以上两张图都有明显的萝卜纹，田黄早已被封矿禁止开采，而且只有福州市寿山乡才有产，目前市场上很多用黄龙玉等名贵玉石来冒充田黄，可见田黄之稀有程度，石中之王田黄石，产于福建福州市北郊寿山村田坑的田黄石，是寿山石中乾隆宸翰、乐天、惟精惟一的珍品。有着“福”(福建)、“寿”(寿山)、“田”(财富)、“黄”(皇帝专用色)之寓意，故被人们称之为“帝石”。具备细、洁、润、腻、温、凝印石之六德，并成为清朝祭天专用的国石，目前市场及其罕见，具有极高的经济收藏价值。

斗彩又称逗彩，中国传统制瓷工艺的珍品。创烧于明朝宣德年间，明成化时期的斗彩最受推崇，是釉下彩（青花）与釉上彩相结合的一种装饰品种。

斗彩是预先在高温（1300°C）下烧成的釉下青花瓷器上，用矿物颜料进行二次施彩，填补青花图案留下的空白和涂染青花轮廓线内的空间，然后再次入小窑经过低温（800°C）烘烤而成。斗彩以其绚丽多彩的色调，沉稳老辣的色彩，形成了一种符合明人审美情趣的装饰风格。
藏品介绍

中文名称：雍正龙凤呈祥斗彩盘

英文名称：Yongzheng Longfeng Cheng Xiang dou color plate

类别：瓷器

规格：一件

品相：美品

这件斗[dòu]彩瓷器底足氧化发黄，是由于瓷土中含有微量的铁元素，历经了长时间氧化所致，是新仿做旧瓷器所无法表现出来的特征，为什么斗字后面我特意写上拼音呢，由于很多业余爱好者不是很专业把斗[dòu]彩读成了斗[dǒu] 彩，特标注拼音来纠正，斗彩的意思是釉下彩与釉上彩相互斗艳，所以才叫的斗彩，釉下彩常采用青花来作画，釉上彩是各种颜色的低温釉烧制而成，釉下釉上结合的是否自然，恰到好处，是斗彩最核心的艺术。

双圈六字款：大清雍正年制，青花吃进胎骨，放大后看到青花的毛刺，出现了细微的晕散，这是由于长时间瓷器阴干，使得青花进行了细微的蔓延扩展而出现的晕散，这种晕散不是几十年就能形成的，往往要经历上百年才能形成，是鉴定新老瓷器最直接有效的方法。

这件斗彩盘寓意吉祥，盘内为龙凤呈祥，遍布山字形火焰纹，为火龙，红黄青绿蓝构成的五彩云朵美轮美奂，中心一个圆形的篆刻寿字，寿字周边五个蝙蝠，寓意为五福捧寿，双圈青花外为海水纹，盘外围折枝花卉纹，底部落款大清雍正年制，整件器物，画工精美，釉上彩与釉下彩结合完美，为斗彩之精品，细看无磕，无残品相完美，寓意吉祥讨巧，深受市场喜爱，画工极其精美具有极高的收藏价值。

英文翻译：Yellow glaze is a traditional art of ceramic decoration of han nationality. It first appeared in the Tang Dynasty, when anhui Huainan Shou Zhou kiln, Henan County kiln burning yellow glaze. But the color of yellow glaze, or the Song Dynasty Kiln high temperature yellow glaze - tea glaze. The yellow glaze of Ming Dynasty has a new development, the old monk's coat of Hongwu period is the derivation of tea dust; From Xuande watering yellow, is the Ming Dynasty outstanding yellow glaze; After jiajing, and roe yellow, chicken oil yellow and so on. After entering the Qing Dynasty, Kangxi's light yellow, and the tail of dishes, snuff, gold sauce, etc.

The yellow glaze was created in the jingdezhen imperial kiln in the early Ming Dynasty. It was most famous in the Hongzhi Dynasty. The technique of pouring yellow glaze porcelain reached the highest point in history, and its color was uniform and charming.

The collection is introduced

Chinese name: yellow glaze dragon pattern bowl

2. Dragon Bowl with yellow glaze over it

Category: Porcelain

Specification: one piece

Appearance: Beautiful

Yellow glaze: name of porcelain glaze color. There are two kinds of traditional yellow glaze: one is the lime glaze colored by trivalent iron ions, which belongs to the high temperature glaze; Second, it USES natural minerals containing iron as colorant, but the base glaze is lead glaze, which belongs to low temperature yellow glaze. Bright, clear yellow glaze is iron as a colorant, low temperature fired with oxide flame, yellow smooth color, crystal clear glaze.

This pair of double circles of the Great Ming Hongzhi system six characters blue and white money, blue and white eat into the fetal bone, appear halo loose, the fetal bottom is very fine and smooth for a rare glutinous rice fetal bottom, sticky rice quality porcelain hardness and high density is strong, suitable for carving, buckle its long and pleasant sound, bowl body carved dragon pattern, as beautiful as the dragon robe.

Glutinous rice embryo: It was first called "glutinous rice juice fetus" to describe the texture of the fetus, which is as delicate and smooth as the rice milk after being ground by water. Called glutinous rice, after the child is very exquisite, is China stone some acura after many refined extremely delicate porcelain body, the porcelain body light sweet crisp, TaiZhi closely, more like porcelain higher hardness, heat from the cold resistance is strong, a lot of China experienced hundreds of years to naturally weather-shack, we become Yin crack phenomenon, unlike kiln crack, late is formed, and glutinous rice porcelain will not appear this kind of problem, because China clay is extremely delicate, also won't appear the phenomenon of brown eyes, is one of the important elements of the porcelain.

Dragon pattern in Ming Dynasty: fierce and powerful, most of them were decorated with tortuous ribbons on their chests, and dressed with flame pattern, they roared among the waves and clouds to show the dominance of power.

Specific characteristic: the head is slightly round, than before show fine, the sideburns hair becomes awning, the wool has to rush upward or the tendency that goes up to oblique. The lower jaw is longer, especially the upper jaw end muscle is developed, high protuberant, shows the wishful shape, the shape is like the snout of a pig, so called "snout dragon"; Eyelash is more realistic, the upper edge of the eyelid is generally used to express eyelash with a few short vertical lines; The double whiskers are thick and powerfully extended, shaped like harpoons. The double whiskers, some of which have dragon stripes, are twisted in a spiral shape in some places, but the whiskers are pointed forward, straight but not bent; The first and second toes of the claws are relative to the shape of crab claws, the distance between the toes is close, the shape is like a windmill; The body is grid grain, serrated grain is more.

Yellow glaze, low temperature Yellow glaze, emperor huang, imperial Yellow, low-temperature ceramic pigment. Yellow glaze and tinting strength is strong, bright color. Low temperature Yellow glaze colour lively, widely used in glazes. Yellow glaze pigment information: Chemical name: Yellow glaze (low temperature Yellow glaze) Yellow glaze English name: Yellow Yellow glaze alias: emperor huang, palace Yellow Yellow glaze chemistry/Chemical Character: Cd - Se - S Yellow glaze appearance/Physical Form: Yellow Powder/Yellow Powder.

Dragon xiangyun, six to correct writing beautiful blue and white, hand-cut lines ring, dragon pattern showed the trend of traveling, and yellow glaze as the yellow emperor, offline appear diffuse natural light, without any thief light phenomenon, TaiZhi frivolous, superb technology, as thin as chicken cylinder cup, above all, Ming and qing dynasties, the yellow glaze bowls are used for the royal dragon pattern, has a very high value, historical research and economic value for collection, be a daughter is easy, the treasure is hard to find.

Field-yellow Stone (Field-yellow Stone), referred to as "Tian Huang", is produced in The Shoushan Town of Fuzhou Shoushan Creek on both sides of the paddy fields, yellow and so named. Shoushan stone varieties in the treasure. The broad sense of tian Huang shi refers to "tian Keng Shi", the narrow sense of tian Huang Shi refers to the yellow in tian Keng Shi. In terms of physical properties and arts and crafts characteristics, Tianhuang stone is close to Shoushan stone and has become an independent seal stone variety.

Tian Huang Shi is the treasure of shoushan stone system, known as the "king of all stones" title. Its color is warm and lovely, fine texture, since the Ming and Qing Dynasties has been regarded as "yinshi king." For hundreds of years, Tian Huangshi is very beloved by collectors, as the saying goes: "gold is easy to get, tian Huang is hard to find."

As early as more than one thousand years ago, our country has begun to collect, to the Ming and Qing dynasties tian Huang Shi is famous in the world. Many dignitaries, scholars and scholars compete to collect Tian-Shi deliberately. Legend has it that emperor worship in the early Qing Dynasty, god on the case of not one of the top tianhuangshi. Therefore, Tian Huangshi has been famous, the value of multiplication, there was an old saying "one or two fields of gold".

The collection is introduced

Chinese name: Tian Huang Frozen lion Button seal

Tian Huang Frozen Lion Button Seal

Category: Miscellaneous

Specification: one piece

Appearance: Beautiful

This tian seal material is more beautiful, you can see the red bar end is very obvious as beautiful as blood, red and yellow, natural transition and slightly transparent, like a jelly man, are the ultimate in tian tian stone cold, the significance of the field-yellow stone (stone) fortunes, scan without any impurities, ke is missing, damaged, failure, tian is a very rare collection level.

As one of the "three treasures of stone printing", Tian Huang shi appears yellow, white, red, black and other colors, among which yellow is the most common. With pearl luster, glass luster, oil luster, micro - transparent to translucent, a few transparent. Hardness 2.5, density 2.65-2.90 g/cm 3. The texture is dense, delicate, warm and smooth. Especially striking is the radish veins faintly visible in its muscle, the color of thick outside and gradually faded inward, sometimes covered with yellow or gray black stone skin, between red lattice. For the unique appearance characteristics of Tian Huangshi, known as "no grain into the field", "no skin into the field", "no case into the field" said. Indeed, its stone is still precious because it is pure.

This tian Huang seal has a very regular seal cut, with obvious red sinew on the side and obvious marks on the knife. It is Lao Tian Huang seal which is very open to the public. The texture of the seal is covered with radish pattern, red lattice cracks, and thin red veins. The texture is warm, greasy, delicate and spiritual. The shape of the instrument is solemn and regular, the auspicious animal carved on the printing pad, skilled in knife work, simple and heavy, shenwei, vivid, elegant atmosphere, is actually a rare desk treasure.

Radish grain is field-yellow stone seeps the color channel, it is known to all that was in the mineral mountain field-yellow stone embryo, scouring by streams of water have long scroll, rounded edges and corners, clean out the impurity, net formed the oval field-yellow stone embryo, and then be XuTu buried at the bottom of valley sand soil on the surface of the earth, in the surrounding soil, moisture and temperature of the iron, under the influence of impregnated with the field-yellow stone played the role of ooze color (natural color). This kind of long and very special ooze color process, makes the color and luster of Tianhuangshi natural magnificent, and the radish grain looming in the texture is the ooze color channel of Tianhuangshi. Or without the radish grain of Tian Huang Shi, there would be tian Huang Shi orange peel yellow, golden yellow, osmanthus yellow, cooked chestnut yellow, loquat yellow, milk yellow and other necessary conditions for the color formation.

From this seal cutting can be seen its superb carving technology, this seal is the historical value, cultural value, material value as one of the treasures, product phase is very good. The above two pictures have obvious radish grain, tian has already been blocked ore mining is forbidden, and only the fuzhou ShouShan Township have production, currently on the market a lot of titles with Huang Longyu and precious jade to pretend to be, is the rarity of tian, stone plus ota Yellowstone, native to northern suburb of fuzhou city of fujian shou murata pit field-yellow stone, shoushan stone is in qianlong Chen si, lotte, but fine unique treasures. A "fu" (fujian), and "longevity" (shou), "tian" (wealth), "yellow" (the implication of the emperor special color), so called "emperor stone" by people. It has the six virtues of fine, clean, moist, greasy, warm and solidified stone, and has become a special national stone dedicated to heaven worship in the Qing Dynasty. At present, the market is extremely rare, with high economic value of collection.

Doucai, also known as dao CAI, is the treasure of traditional Chinese porcelain craft. Chuangshao in the Ming Dynasty Xuande period, the Ming Chenghua period of doucai is the most highly respected, underglaze color (blue and white) and glaze color combined with a decorative variety.

Doucai is pre-baked under glaze blue and white porcelain at high temperature (1300°C) with mineral pigments to fill the blank left by the blue and white pattern and the space inside the contour line of the dyed blue and white, and then it is baked in a small kiln at low temperature (800°C). Doucai, with its gorgeous and colorful colors and steady, old and spicy colors, has formed a decorative style in line with the aesthetic taste of people. The collection is introduced

Chinese name: Yongzheng Longfeng Chengxiang doucai pan

Yongzheng Longfeng Cheng Xiang Dou Color Plate

Category: Porcelain

Specification: one piece

Appearance: Beautiful

This dou dou foot oxide yellow color porcelain bottom, is due to the China clay containing trace amounts of iron, after a long time caused by oxidation, is can't do old new copy porcelain's characteristics, why fight behind the words I specially write pinyin, because many amateur is not very professional to [dou] color reading into fights the ǒ u [d] the color, the label to correct tone, bucket color mean under the glaze color and glaze colors doo-yan, so is the bucket color, under the glaze color blue and white paint, is often used to glaze color is on the low temperature of all sorts of color glaze, glaze under glaze on whether combination of natural, proper, It is the core art of doucai.

Double circle six models: qing yongzheng year, blue and white eat into fetal bone, enlarged porcelain burr, see a slight dizzy, this is because the porcelain air-dried for a long time, makes the spread of blue and white has carried on the fine extension and the halo, the halo powder can be formed not decades, often go through hundreds of years to form, the most direct and effective method is to identify the new and old porcelain.

This bucket color plate collection, the disk is in extremely good fortune, around the mountain glyph flame grain, as the fire dragon, red yellow green blue constitute a colorful clouds beautiful, center of a circular seal cutting life of words, life of words around five bats, implication for wufu longevity, double blue and white outer ring for water lines, plate of peripheral branches flower pattern, signature at the bottom of the qing yongzheng year, whole implements, drawing exquisite, glaze color and glaze color combining perfect, for the color of high-quality goods, no upon closer look, there is no perfect order, meaning auspicious flattering, loved by the market, painters extremely fine has a very high collection value.