10块钱买来的清代玉佩专题之精品推荐—汉代螭龙高古玉玉佩，一百两银票

古古玉为帝王达官贵人多使用玉，在材料、制作工艺、文化气息上具有深厚的深刻内涵。

除了欣赏古人的琢玉技艺、品味高古玉中神韵飞扬的历史文化内涵以外，把玩一块高古玉，就像品读着年代久远的历史的传奇，手中古玉演绎的人间故事隐约可观，古意融融，人玉灵通，把玩者的心境是不可以用语言表述的。价值不菲的高古玉，琢制技艺十分精湛，无论是浅浮雕、透雕，还是阴线刻画，均拙朴细精，实其中的“汉八刀”和双沟碾法(又称“游丝毛雕”)如今更是难以模仿。

藏品介绍

中文名称：汉代螭龙高古玉玉佩

英文名称：Jade pendant of Dragon-dragon in Han Dynasty

类别：杂项

规格：一枚

品相：美品

螭龙：螭是古代神话传说中的一种龙。螭龙寓意美好，吉祥，招财，也寓意男女的感情。《汉书·司马相如传上》：“于是蛟龙赤螭。”颜师古注：“文颖曰：‘龙子为螭。’张揖曰：‘赤螭，雌龙也。’如淳曰：‘蠄，山神也。’”《广雅》云：“有角曰虬，无角曰螭。”

这件螭龙玉佩非常有意思，一个8字形的为雌雄同体的螭龙，有角的为虬龙，螭龙龙首卷曲当中，外有一小螭龙附着其上，就像是一家三口，而螭龙龙首卷曲其中，就像是有着相夫教子的寓意，体现了古代女人地位并不高，这也是符合历史的，此玉佩有着团圆的寓意，一家三口相互依偎，十分温馨。

螭龙被中国民间认为寓意美好,吉祥，也寓意男女的感情，此玉佩沁色十分自然，有着明显的铁锈沁色与鸡骨白沁色，表现年代感久远，其龙身刻雷纹乳钉，是典型的青铜器纹饰，这样是汉代玉器的典型特征。

"鸡骨白"也可称为钙化，因为玉器长期埋在土中受碱性物质的浸蚀而导致的质变，产生的黑白色。

可以看到龙眼左右并非完全一样，且刀刻痕迹明显，是明显的手工雕刻而成，且表面形成绸缎底包浆，润感十足，有一层老旧的包浆，这也是老玉盘玩的特征。

这是一件典型的汉代螭龙，以前加工都是用的砣轮用石材制成，做成不同的砣头配合解玉砂进行琢玉。商代有了铜，铜制砣轮强度不大，自身容易磨损，做出的沟线浅而宽，断面多呈半圆形。西周末、春秋初有了铁，铁砣坚硬，能够做得薄而锐，提高了加工精度。可以刻出细细的线条，深深的沟。铁砣一直使用到民国初期。民国后期到20世纪70年代，有些地方仍有用铁砣解玉砂琢玉的作坊，这种加工玉器的方法俗称为老工，俗话说：慢工出细活，古代手工打磨出来的玉器带有包浆，呈现玻璃光泽，可以看到龙首有明显的光泽，在看龙身拐弯硬直这是由于砣轮拐弯处不好处理造成的特有现象，是鉴定机器工与手工最直接的方法，由于年代已久，全是遍布了朱砂沁，这是由于铁元素侵染所致，加上这鸡骨白沁色，为真品无疑，历经这枚多年能有如此好的品相，没有磕，没有残是一件不可多得的馆藏级藏品。

光绪二十九年（1903年），清廷派振贝子、那桐、张允言三人到日本去考察财政币制金融，研究筹设银行的问题。光绪三十年正月廿八日（1904年3月14日），户部奏请由部试办银行，以推行币制枢纽。

光绪三十一年八月廿九日（1905年9月27日），经财政处奏准，大清户部银行总行在北京成立，这是我国最早由官方开办的第一家国家银行与中央银行。也是中国第二家现代银行。

光绪三十二年（1906年）9月，户部改称度支部，1908年2月，经度支部奏准，户部银行又改称“大清银行”。光绪三十四年七月初一（1908年7月28日）正式改名为“大清银行”。

藏品介绍

中文名称：开封大清银行兑换银票一百两

英文名称：A hundred taels for exchange at the Daqing Bank in Kaifeng

类别：杂项

规格：一枚

品相：美品

开封分行发行的纸币主要有银两票和银元票两种。银两票全称为“开封大清银行兑换银票”，正面上端为左右交叉的龙旗图案，中托篆书“大清银行”园形印记，周围饰以龙纹，票面正中自上而下楷书“凭票取T（即“二六”——作者注）汴平足银×两正”，左右分别印有编号及发行年月日，以及“认票不认人”、“不能挂失号”字样。

开封因早在大清银行成立之前，已有豫泉官银钱局发行的各种银票、银元票、钱票等兑换券行用书面。所以，开封大清银行发行的纸币，流通量不大，不为商民乐用。时有谣传大清银行银票平色不足或不能兑现等语，实因该行司事人员沾染洋行习气，诸多不便而致。且该行纸币多系石印，不甚精致，常有不法之徒仿照伪票，使商人颇有戒心。该行曾在《 开封简报》 刊登“为查禁伪造票币启事”，悬赏银二百两查拿伪造大清银行票币者。

大清银行是官商合办的银行，除经营一般银行业务外，有发行纸币、收解官款、控制金融市场的特权。试办时资本银400万两，分为4万股，每股100两，官商各半。后增至1000万两。辛亥革命前，存款余额达5905万两，押款余额1242万两，借款余额3839万两，拆款及其他各项放款余额1362万两。大清银行的机构分为三级，即总行、分行、分号。总行也办理业务，因此有直属分号。在不够设分号而又有一定业务之处，有的设兑换所。也有一些事毕即撤的临时业务小组。机构除总行外，设有分行21处， 分行（即支行）36处，还有汇兑所和业务组，总行并办有银行学堂。辛亥革命后该行于1912年宣告停业。

此币品相完美，面额较大，故而发行量极少，目前第一套人民价值都过五百万了，可见这张宣统二年银票之稀有，宣统二年为1910年，再过一年清朝就灭亡了，当时的清朝已经是风雨飘摇，无人再敢去认这些纸质的银票，他们愿意换成黄金白银或者面值极小的铜币，毕竟钱币的贵金属价值还在，一旦政府有所变动，不会变的一文不值，故而这类银币基本不怎么发行，存世罕见，此银票品相完美，四角直，无脏污，属于完美品相，具有极高的收藏价值。

英文翻译：The ancient jade is mostly used by emperors, royal officials and dignitaries, and has profound connotations from materials, production techniques and cultural breath. In addition to enjoying the ancient jade craft, taste the ancient jade in the spirit of the flying historical and cultural connotation, playing with an ancient jade, like reading a long history of legend, the hands of the ancient jade interpretation of the human story is subtle and considerable, the ancient meaning of harmony, jade, the mood of the player can not be expressed in words. The precious ancient jade is cut with exquisite workmanship, no matter it is bas-relief, penetrating carving or Yin line carving, it is all simple and delicate, and the "Han Eight Dao" and shuanggou grinding method (also known as "Floating silk and wool carving") are even more difficult to imitate now.

The collection is introduced

Chinese name: Han Dynasty chi dragon high ancient jade pendant

English name: Jade Pendant of dragon-dragon in Han Dynasty

Category: Miscellaneous

Specification: one coin

Appearance: Beautiful

Dragon: A kind of dragon in ancient myth and legend. Li dragon implied beauty, good luck, wealth, also implied feelings of men and women. In the Book of the Han Dynasty, The Legend of Sima Xiangru: "Then dragons are red chi." Yan Shiku noted, "Wen Ying said, 'The dragon is chi. Zhang Yi said, "Red chi, female. "Such as chun yue:" 蠄, mountain god also. "In The Book Guang Ya," Every day is qiu qiu with horns, and chi chi without them."

The wek-jin and longnu is very interesting, a figure 8 for hermaphrodite longnu, as a kind of dragon with horns, therefore having first curl, adhere to the outside a small longnu, like 3, and therefore having the first curl, like a xiangfujiaozi implication, embodies the ancient women status is not high, this also is in conformity with the history, the wek-jin and has the meaning of reunion, three snuggling, very sweet.

Li Dragon is considered by Chinese folk as a symbol of beauty, good luck, and affection for men and women. The color of this jade pendant is very natural, with obvious rust and chicken bones. It represents a long time ago.

"Chicken bone white" can also be called calcification, because the jade buried in the soil for a long time by alkaline material erosion, resulting in black and white.

It can be seen that the left and right sides of Longan are not exactly the same, and the carving marks are obvious. They are carved by hand, and the surface forms a silk and satin bottom wrapping pulp, which is full of moistening feeling. There is a layer of old wrapping pulp, which is also the feature of the old jade plate.

This is a typical Li dragon of the Han Dynasty. Before, processing was made of stone, with the weight wheel. Different heads were made to cut jade together with the jade sand. With the advent of copper in shang Dynasty, the copper lead wheel was not strong enough to wear easily, and the groove made was shallow and wide, with a semicircular section. At the beginning of spring and Autumn, with iron, the iron mound can be hard, thin and sharp, improve the processing accuracy. You can carve thin lines, deep grooves. The iron weight was used until the early Republic of China. From the later period of the Republic of China to the 1970s, some places still used workshops where the jade was extracted from the jade sand with iron. This method of jade processing was commonly known as Lao Gong, as the saying goes: Fire makes sweet malt, the ancient manual grinding out of jade with patina, presents the vitreous luster, outside can see there is a clear gloss, looking at his turn hard straight this is caused by bad bucket wheel turning processing phenomenon, is the most direct method of identification of machine work and manual, already a long time, because the s all throughout the cinnabar ooze, this is due to infection caused by iron element, add the chicken bone Bai Qin color, for real, no doubt, after this years can have such a good appearance, no depletion, no residue is a collection of rare collection.

In the twenty-ninth year of Guangxu Emperor (1903), the Qing Court sent Three men, Namely Zhen Beizi, Na Tong and Zhang Yunyan, to Japan to investigate the monetary system of finance and study the problem of setting up a bank. On the 28th day of the first month of the 30th year of The Reign of Emperor Guangxu (March 14, 1904), the Ministry of Accounts requested the pilot bank of the Ministry to implement the currency hub.

On August 29 (September 27, 1905) in the 31st year of the Guangxu Emperor, the head office of The Bank of The Qing Dynasty was established in Beijing with the approval of the Finance Ministry, which was the first official state bank and central bank in China. It is also the second modern bank in China.

In September of the 32nd year of Guangxu Emperor (1906), the ministry of Accounts was renamed as "Du Branch". In February 1908, with the approval of du Branch, the bank was renamed as "Da Qing Bank". Guangxu 34 years on July first (July 28, 1908) was officially renamed "Qing Bank".

The collection is introduced

English name: One hundred taels for exchange at Daqing Bank, Kaifeng

A hundred taels for exchange at the Daqing Bank in Kaifeng

Category: Miscellaneous

Specification: one coin

Appearance: Beautiful

The bank notes issued by kaifeng branch are mainly silver and silver dollar. Silver ticket all referred to as "kaifeng qing bank exchange silver ticket", positive for cross around when the upper pattern, the seal character "qing bank" garden form mark, decorated with dragon, around the center of the face from regular script "by taking T (that is, the" matters "- the author note) BianPing fine silver by two are", left and right sides respectively with number and date of issue, and deny people "card check", "can't report the loss of" words.

Before the establishment of The Bank of Qing Dynasty, kaifeng had been issued by The Yuquan Official Bank of China with all kinds of exchange vouchers, such as silver, dollar and coin. Therefore, the banknotes issued by The Daqing Bank of Kaifeng have a small circulation and are not used for commercial and folk entertainment. From time to time, there were rumors that the silver note of The Bank of Qing Dynasty was insufficient or could not be redeemed, and so on. And the line of banknotes more lithographic, not very delicate, often outlaw copy fake ticket, so that merchants quite wary. The bank once published an advertisement in the Opencover Bulletin "for the suppression of forged banknotes", offering a reward of two hundred and two silver coins for the arrest of forged bank notes.

Daqing Bank is a bank jointly operated by government officials and merchants. In addition to general banking business, it has the privileges of issuing bank notes, collecting and releasing official funds and controlling the financial market. When the trial capital silver 4 million taels, divided into 40,000 shares, 100 taels per share, official and commercial equally. Then it increased to 10 million taels. Before the Revolution of 1911, the balance of deposit reached 59.05 million taels, the balance of deposit was 12.42 million taels, the balance of loan was 38.39 million taels, and the balance of loan and other loans was 13.62 million taels. The institution of Daqing Bank is divided into three levels, namely head office, branch and semicolon. The head office also deals with business, so it has a direct semicolon. In the insufficient establishment semicolon but has the certain service place, some establishment exchange office. There are also AD hoc operational groups that are ready to go. Apart from the head office, the institution has 21 branches, 36 branches . sub-branches), exchange offices and business groups. The head office also runs a banking school. The bank closed in 1912 after the revolution of 1911.

This money is in perfect, denomination is bigger, so very few circulation, the first set of five million after a people's value is the xuantong two years rare silver ticket, xuantong two years to 1910, the qing dynasty perish, more than a year at the time of the qing dynasty is tottering, nobody dare to confess the paper silver ticket again, they are willing to tiny copper with gold and silver or value, money, after all, the value of the precious metal is still there, once the government change, not become worthless, so this kind of silver basic wasn't released, only rare, perfect, this silver PiaoPin phase four straight, no dirt, belong to the perfect quality, Has the extremely high collection value.